In free space, the Poisson equation for electrostatics is given by: ∇²V(r) = - ρ(r) / ε₀ Where: V(r) is the electrostatic potential at a point in space ∇² is the Laplacian operator, representing the divergence of the gradient of the potential ρ(r) is the charge density at a point in space ε₀ is the electric constant, a fundamental physical constant with a value of approximately 8.854 x 10^-12 C^2/Nm^2. but charge density is 0 in free space so we are left with Laplace equation

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