The government of India, in 1982, declared a core area of 110 km2 in the Gulf of Kutch as Marine Na- tional Park for the conservation of coral reefs. It is situated on the southern shore of the Gulf of Kachchh in the Jamnagar District of Gujarat. There are 42 islands on the Jamnagar coast in the Marine National Park, most of them surrounded by reefs. The coral formations of the Gulf of Kutch represent one of the extreme northern limits of corals in the Indian Ocean.

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Given the seasonal and erratic nature of rainfall throughout the year, South India is known to known to use tank irrigation as time-tested technology for storing rainfall and runoff for a number of uses: crop irrigation, groundwater recharge, domestic use, cattle watering, etc. Tank irrigation currently accounts for more than 30 percent of all irrigated cropland in the state of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. There exist approximately 39,000 irrigation tanks of various sizes in Tamil Nadu alone.

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Rainwater harvesting has been made compulsory for every building in Tamil Nadu to avoid ground water depletion. Since its implementation, Chennai saw a 50 percent rise in water level in five years and the water quality significantly improved. Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for re- use on-site, rather than allowing it to run off.

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The months of October-November mark a period of transition from hot rainy season to cold dry winter conditions. This period is known as Retreating Monsoon or Transition season because the southwest monsoons weaken and withdraw or retreat from In- dia. The retreat of monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. While days are warm, nights are cool and pleasant. Owing to high temperature and high humidity, weather becomes oppressive. This phenomenon is known as October heat.

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