During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Begum Hazrat Mahal`s band of supporters rebelled against the forces of the British under the leadership of Raja Jalal Singh; they seized control of Lucknow, and she took power as the guardian of her minor son, Prince Birjis Qadr, whom she had declared as the ruler (Wali) of Awadh.
Red Shirt movement, byname of Khudai Khitmatgar (Persian: “Servants of Godâ€), in support of the Indian National Congress, an action started by Abdul Ghaffar Khan of the North-West Frontier Province of India in 1930.
The Ghadar Party, initially the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, was formed on 15 July 1913 in the United States but before a decision to create headquarter at Yugantar Ashram in San Francisco was taken at a meeting in the town of Astoria in the state of Oregon in USA under the leadership of Har Dayal, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Baba Jawala Singh, Santokh Singh and Sohan Singh Bhakna as its president. The members of the party were Indian immigrants, largely from Punjab. Many of its members were students at University of California at Berkeley including Dayal, Tarak Nath Das, Maulavi Barkatullah, Harnam Singh Tundilat, Kartar Singh Sarabha and V.G. Pingle. The party quickly gained support from Indian expatriates, especially in the United States, Canada, East Africa, and Asia.
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4. Window Remarriage Act was passed in 1856 because of the ceaseless efforts made by
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was the most prominent campaigner. He petitioned the Legislative council,but there was a counter petition against the proposal with nearly four times more signatures by Radhakanta Deb and the Dharma Sabha. But Lord Dalhousie personally finalised the bill despite the opposition and it being considered a flagrant breach of Hindu customs as prevalent then.
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5. The first country which discovered sea route to India was
The Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India was the first recorded trip directly from Europe to India, via the Cape of Good Hope. Under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, it was undertaken during the reign of King Manuel I in 1495–1499.
His initial voyage to India (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans and therefore, the West and the Orient. This is widely considered a milestone in world history, as it marked the beginning of a sea-based phase of global multiculturalism
The Battle of Plassey was fought in north-eastern India on 23 June 1757. Troops of the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive, came up against the forces of Siraj-ud-Daulah, the last Nawab of Bengal, and his French allies.
The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 12 August 1765, between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, son of the late Emperor Alamgir II, and Robert Clive, of the East India Company, in the aftermath of the Battle of Buxar of 23 October 1764.
Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–59. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow.
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10. Which of the following statements best explains the nature of Revolt of 1857?
A
The last effort of the old political order to regain power
B
Munity of a section of sepoys of the British Army
C
A struggle of the common of people to overthrow common rule
The Servants of India Society was founded in 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, considered as a the leader of the "moderate" faction of the pre-independence Congress from whom Gandhi drew inspiration.
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13. During India`s freedom struggle the newspaper Young India was published by
Young India was a weekly paper or journal in English published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from 1919 to 1931. Gandhi wrote various quotations in this journal that inspired many.
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14. Who advocated the introduction of Western Education and English language in India?
Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial. Their object was to replace the repressive provisions of the wartime Defence of India Act (1915) by a permanent law.
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16. who is the author of the book Poverty and Un-British rule in India?
Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered to be the father of modern Indian renaissance. He was born in an orthodox and well-to-do Brahmana family in a village in the Burdwan district of West Bengal in 1772, and died in 1833. Besides English and Bengali, Ram Mohan Roy acquired knowledge of Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic.
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18. The Indian National Congress was formed during the Governor generalship of
Lord Dufferin (1826-1902) was the Governor General and Viceroy of India from 1884 to 1888). He had succeeded Lord Ripon in December 1884 and was known as one of the most successful diplomats of his time. Foundation of Indian National Congress by A O Hume in 1885 and Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885 are two important events of his period. The Third Anglo-Burmese War resulted in the annexation of upper Burma. As a result, his tenure saw the final extinction of Burma as an independent power.
On February 27, 1931, when Azad found himself surrounded by policemen faithful to the colonial government in Alfred Park – now known as Chandrashekhar Azad Park – and took his own life rather than surrender, it is said the whole of Allahabad overflowed with emotions.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was pitched in under leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress from September 1920 to February 1922, marking a new awakening in the Indian Independence Movement.
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21. The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in the year
In August 1942, Gandhiji started the Quit India Movement and decided to launch a mass civil disobedience movement Do or Die call to force the British to leave India.
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22. After the Revolt of 1857, the British Parliament took away the power to govern India from East India Company and the title Empress of India was assumed by
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 forced the British Government to pass the Act. The Act was followed a few months later by Queen Victoria`s proclamation to the "Princes, Chiefs, and People of India", which, among other things, stated, "We hold ourselves bound to the natives of our Indian territories by the same obligation of duty which bind us to all our other subjects."
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23. In 1907, where was the historic session of Indian National Congress held?
The Swadeshi Movement, now known as Make in India campaign was officially proclaimed on August 7, 1905 at the Calcutta Town Hall, in Bengal. Boycott movement was also launched along with the Swadeshi movement. The movements included using goods produced in India and burning British-made goods..
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25. Who among the following leaders was the political mentor of Gandhiji?
Gopal Krishna Gokhale is considered as the political guru of Mahatma Gandhi. After Mahatama Gandhi`s return from South Africa, he was personally guided by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. He had enormous knowledge and understanding of India and the issues confronting common Indians.
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26. In the third Carnatic war, the British East India Company defeated which of the following forces at the Battle of Wandiwash?
The French, under Count de Lally, captured Fort St. George and attacked the English to acquire Madras. But he was defeated by English forces under Sir Eyre Coote in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.
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27. When Mahatma Gandhi was arrested who among the following took over the leadership of Salt Satyagraha ?
Abbas Tyabji was an Indian freedom fighter from Gujarat, who once served as the Chief Justice of the (Baroda) Gujarat High Court. Mahatma Gandhi appointed Tyabji, at age seventy-six, to replace him as leader of the Salt Satyagraha in May 1930 after Gandhi’s arrest. Tyabji was arrested soon afterward and imprisoned by the British Indian Government. Gandhi and others respectfully called Tyabji the “Grand Old Man of Gujarat”
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28. In which session of Congress the demand of “Poorna Swaraj” was accepted as the aim of the Congress ?
The Purna Swaraj declaration, or Declaration of the Independence of India was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj, or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire. A very large number of Congress volunteers and delegates, members of other political parties and an especially large public gathering attended the session convened in Lahore. At midnight on New Year`s Eve, President Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the tri-colour flag of India upon the banks of the Ravi river in Lahore, which later became part of Pakistan.
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29. Who was the leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha ?
The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. Its success gave rise to Vallabhbhai Patel as one of the greatest leaders of the independence struggle. The background to this movement was provided in 1925 when the taluka of Bardoli in Gujarat suffered from floods and famine, causing crop production to suffer and leaving farmers facing great financial troubles. However, the Government of the Bombay Presidency had raised the tax rate by 30% that year, and despite petitions from civic groups, refused to cancel the rise in the face of the calamities.
One of the main messages of Swami Dayanand Saraswati was for Hindus to go back to the roots of their religion, which are the Vedas. By doing this, he felt that Hindus would be able to improve the depressive religious, social, political, and economic conditions prevailing in India in his times.
Noakhali is a district in South-eastern Bangladesh. It is located in the Chittagong Division. This place is remembered for the genocide in form of a series of massacres, rapes, abductions and forced conversions of Hindus and looting and arson of Hindu properties, perpetrated by the Muslim community in the districts of Noakhali and Tipperah in the Chittagong Division of Bengal in October–November 1946, a year before India’s independence from British rule. Gandhi camped in Noakhali for four months and toured the district in a mission to restore peace and communal harmony.
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32. Mahatma Gandhi was first arrested during Satyagrah in the year—
Gandhi went to South Africa in 1893 but he was shocked to see racism, prejudice and inequality against Indian citizens in South Africa and he established the Natal Indian Congress in 1894 and formed an Indian community in South Africa. In 1906, the Transvaal government of South Africa promulgated a new Act compelling registration of the colony`s Indian population. At a mass protest meeting held in Johannesburg on 11 September that year, Gandhi adopted his still evolving methodology of Satyagraha (devotion to the truth), or non-violent protest, for the first time. In June 1907, he organized Satyagraha against compulsory registration of Asiatics (The Black Act). In 1908, Gandhiji had to stand trial for instigating the Satyagraha. He was sentenced to two months in jail (the first time), however after a compromise with General Smuts he was released.
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33. What was the basis of transfer of power to India on 15th August by ?
A
Congress had demanded “Poorna Swaraj”.
B
On this day Mahatma Gandhi started Quit India Movement.
C
Anniversary of formation of Interim Government
D
Anniversary of the surrender of Japanese army before Admiral Mountbatten
In Lord Mountbatten`s words, as told to Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre: “The date I chose came out of the blue. I chose it in reply to a question. I was determined to show I was master of the whole event. When they asked had we set a date, I knew it had to be soon. I hadn`t worked it out exactly then — I thought it had to be about August or September and I then went out to the 15th August. Why? Because it was the second anniversary of Japan`s surrender.
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34. Permanent Revenue settlement of Bengal was introduced by :
The Permanent Settlement — also known as the Permanent Settlement of Bengal— was an agreement between the East India Company and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land, with farreaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire Empire and the political realities of the Indian countryside. It was concluded in 1793, by the Company administration headed by Charles, Earl Cornwallis. It formed one part of a larger body of legislation enacted known as the Cornwallis Code.
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35. The father of extremist movement in India is :
Lokmanya Tilak, born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak (23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), was an Indian nationalist, journalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer and independence fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities derogatorily called him “Father of the Indian unrest”. Tilak professed a different ethics from that of Gandhi and followed a trend of extremism and violence, which earned him the appellation of the father of Indian unrest. He advocated violence as the higher duty based on his interpretation of the Bhagavad-Gita (Song of the Lord).
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36. Through which principle or device did Gandhiji strive to bridge economic inequalities?
Trusteeship is a socio-economic philosophy that was propounded by Mahatma Gandhi. It provides a means by which the wealthy people would be the trustees of trusts that looked after the welfare of the people in general. This concept was condemned by socialists as being in favor of the landlords, feudal princes and the capitalists. Gandhi believed that the rich people could be persuaded to part with their wealth to help the poor. The founder of the Tata group, JRD Tata was influenced by Gandhi’s idea of trusteeship. He developed his personal and professional life based on this idea.
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37. Mahatma Gandhi got his inspiration for Civil Disobedience from :
Mahatma Gandhi got inspiration of Civil Disobedience by reading a book of David Thoreau who was an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, and leading transcendentalist. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state. Thoreau`s philosophy of civil disobedience later influenced the political thoughts and actions of such notable figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mohandas Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr
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38. The system of communal electorate in India was first introduced by :
The Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, introduced the system of communal electorate in India. It provided that Indian Muslims be allotted reserved seats in the Municipal and District Boards, in the Provincial Councils and in the Imperial Legislature; that the number of reserved seats be in excess of their relative population (25 percent of the Indian population); and, that only Muslims should vote for candidates for the Muslim seats (‘separate electorates’). These concessions were a constant source of strife during 1909-47.
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39. Who represented India in the Second Round Table Conference?
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact opened the way for Congress participation in this conference. Mahatma Gandhi was invited from India and attended as the sole official Congress representative accompanied by Sarojini Naidu and also Madan Mohan Malaviya, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail Diwan of Mysore, S.K. Dutta and Sir Syed Ali Imam. Gandhi claimed that the Congress alone represented political India; that the Untouchables were Hindus and should not be treated as a “minority”; and that there should be no separate electorates or special safeguards for Muslims or other minorities. These claims were rejected by the other Indian participants.
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40. What was the ultimate goal of Mahatma Gandhi`s Salt Satyagraha?
The Salt Satyagraha started on March 12, 1930, with the undertaking of the Dandi Yatra (Dandi March). The triggering factor for this movement was the British monopoly of salt trade in India and the imposition of a salt tax. According to the contemporary British laws, the sale or production of salt by anyone but the British government was a criminal offense. The goals of the movement were to end the British monopoly on salt, decrease dependence on foreign cloth, reduce land revenue assessments, build unity among Hindus and Muslims of all economic and social classes, and ultimately end British colonial rule over India and declare Purna Swaraj (complete independence).
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41. Who persuaded the ratings of the RIN (Royal India Navy) to surrender on the 23rd February 1946?
In February 1946, the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) experienced a major mutiny, on a magnitude rare among modern navies. The Second Battalion of the Black watch was called from their barracks in Karachi to deal with this mutiny on Manora Island. Both Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Sardar Patel successfully persuaded the ratings to surrender. Patel wrote, “Discipline in the army cannot be tampered with. We will want the army even in free India”.
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42. On September 20, 1932 Mahatma Gandhi began a fast unto death in Yervada Jail against :
In 1932, a round table conference was organized and Ambedkar, an eminent lawyer and a Dalit leader was invited to attend the same. Through his campaigning, the government granted untouchables separate electorates under the new constitution. In protest Gandhi began a fast-unto-death while imprisoned in the Yerwada Central Jail of Pune in 1932 against the separate electorate for untouchables only. Ambedkar agreed under massive coercion from the supporters of Gandhi for an agreement, which saw Gandhi end his fast, while dropping the demand for separate electorates that was promised through the British Communal Award prior to Ambedkar`s meeting with Gandhi.
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43. In 1939, for the first time, Gandhiji tried out his specific techniques of controlled mass struggle in a native state. He allowed a close associate of his to lead a satyagraha. Who was he?
Gandhi was against Congress intervention in the affairs of Princely states. He at first showed “exceptional rigidity” (some very limited attempts at “controlled mass struggle”) in Rajkot, where there was little danger of agrarian radicalism.
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44. One time associate of Mahatma Gandhi, broke off from him and launched a radical movement called self-respect movement. Who was he ?
The Self-Respect Movement is a movement with the aim of achieving a society where backward castes have equal human rights, and encouraging backward castes to have self-respect in the context of a caste based society that considered them to be a lower end of the hierarchy. It was founded in 1925 by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy (also known as Periyar) in Tamil Nadu, India. Periyar was convinced that if man developed self respect, he would automatically develop individuality and would refuse to be led by the nose by schemers. One of his most known quotes on Self-Respect was, “we are fit to think of self-respect only when the notion of superior and inferior caste is banished from our land”
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45. The first attempt to introduce a representative and popular element in the governance of India was made through :
The Indian Council act of 1909 also known as the Morley-Minto reforms named after the then Secretary of State for India, Lord Morley and the Viceroy Lord Minto. Its provisions were incorporated into the Indian Councils act of 1909 and were perhaps the first attempt at introducing a popular representative element in the government. In the provincial legislative councils, the number of non official members was increased, thereby reducing the official members to a minority. At the central legislative council however the official members still maintained their majority. The councils were given a little more power in the administration and could influence decisions on certain matters of the state.
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46. What did Jyotiba Phule`s Satyashodhak Samaj attempt in the last century?
A
Saving the lower castes from hypocritical Brahmans and their opportunistic scriptures
B
Attacking the caste system
C
Led an anti-landlord and antimahajan upsurge in Satara
Satya Shodhak Samaj was a religion established by Mahatma Jotirao Phule on September 24, 1873. This was started as a group whose main aim was to liberate the social Shudra and Untouchable castes from exploitation and oppression. While condemning the prevalent religion, Phule established Satya Shodhak Samaj with the ideals of human well being in broader aspects, human happiness, unity, equality, and easy religious principles and rituals.
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47. In which of the following movements did Mahatma Gandhi make the first use of Hunger Strike as a weapon?
In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi intervened in a dispute between the workers and mill-owners of Ahmedabad. He advised the workers to go on strike and to demand a 35 per cent increase in wages. But he insisted that the workers should not use violence against the employers during the strike. He undertook a fast unto death (first among the 17 such fasts) to strengthen the worker`s resolve to continue the strike. But his fast also put pressure on the mill-owners who relented on the fourth day and agreed to give the workers a 35 per cent increase in wages.
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48. Who led the Salt Satyagraha Movement with Gandhi?
The Dandi march was undertaken by Gandhiji and about 78 of his followers, starting from Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad. The Satyagrahis set out on foot, for the coastal village of Dandi, Gujarat, about 240 miles away. The walk lasted for 23 days and passed through 48 villages. The marchers were received with great enthusiasm and the support from the masses was very evident. During the course of the journey, thousands of Satyagrahis joined the walk, including leaders like Sarojini Naidu.
Historically, efforts to prevent Sati by formal means were extent even before the Mughal rulers came to power. Under the Delhi Sultanates (circa 1325) permission had to be sought prior to any Sati. In their own sphere of influence the Portuguese, Dutch and French banned Sati but efforts to stamp out Sati were formalised only under Lord William Bentinck after 1829. William Cavendish Bentinck succeeded Lord Amherst as the Governor General of India. He took over the charge of Indian administration in the year 1828. Bentinck took effective steps to root out social evils like Sati and infanticide.
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50. The Simon Commission was formed to review
A
legislatures in India
B
fitness of India for further constitutional reforms
The Indian Statutory Commission was a group of seven British Members of Parliament that had been dispatched to India in 1927 to study constitutional reform in Britain’s most important colonial dependency. It was commonly referred to as the Simon Commission after its chairman, Sir John Simon. The Indian national leaders had been continuously demanding constitutional reforms since 1919 when the Montague-Chelmsford Reform (1919) was introduced by the British government. Under the circumstances, in 1927 the British government in England formally constituted an enquiry commission to recommend further constitutional reform that may be introduced in India. It was meant to review constitutional progress so far and decide upon the future course.
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51. When was the first train steamed off in India ?
Two new railway companies, Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR) and East Indian Railway (EIR), were created in 1853-54 to construct and operate two experimental lines near Bombay and Calcutta respectively. The first train in India had become operational on 22 December, 1851 for localized hauling of canal construction material in Roorkee. A year and a half later, on 16 April, 1853, the first passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder in Bombay and Thane. Covering a distance of 34 kilometres, it was hauled by three locomotives, Sahib, Sindh, and Sultan.
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52. Which one of the following libraries has the largest collection of manuscripts of historical value?
Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library was opened to public in October, 1891 by Khan Bahadur Khuda Bakhsh with 4,000 manuscripts, of which he inherited 1,400 from his father Maulvi Mohammed Bakhsh. It is an autonomous organization under Ministry of Culture, Government of India, and is governed by a Board with the Governor of Bihar as its ex-officio Chairman. It is known for its rare collection of Persian and Arabic manuscripts. It also hosts paintings made during the Rajput and Mughal eras of India.
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53. In which of the following systems of land settlement adopted by the English did provide more protection to the interests of farmers ?
A
Permanent Settlement of Bengal
B
Ryotwari Settlement of Madras
C
Zamindari Settlement of Central States
D
Malgujari (land revenue) Setternent of United State
The Ryotwari system, instituted in some parts of British India, was one of the two main systems used to collect revenues from the cultivators of agricultural land. These revenues included undifferentiated land taxes and rents, which were collected simultaneously. Under the Ryotwari system, settlement of land revenue settlement was directly made between the government and the ryot, i.e., the cultivators or tenants. Moreover, in the ryotwari settlement the revenue was fixed for a period of thirty years, and not on a permanent basis as was in the case of the Permanent Settlement.
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54. Which of the following pairs contributed significantly to integrate the princely states into Indian Union ?
At the time of Indian independence, India was divided into two sets of territories, the first being the territories of “British India,” which were under the direct control of the India Office in London and the Governor-General of India, and the second being the “Princely states,” the territories over which the Crown had suzerainty, but which were under the control of their hereditary rulers. In addition, there were several colonial enclaves controlled by France and Portugal. The integration of these territories into Dominion of India, created by the Indian Independence Act 1947 by the British parliament, was a declared objective of the Indian National Congress, which the Government of India pursued over the years 1947 to 1949. Through a combination of tactics, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and V. P. Menon in the months immediately preceding and following the independence convinced the rulers of almost all of the hundreds of princely states to accede to India.
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55. When was first telegraph line started in India ?
In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. Subsequently, the construction of 6,400 km of telegraph lines connecting Kolkata (then Calcutta) and Peshawar in the north along with Agra, Mumbai (then Bombay) through Sindwa Ghats, and Chennai (then Madras) in the south, as well as Ootacamund and Bangalore was started in November 1853. William O’Shaughnessy, who pioneered the telegraph and telephone in India, belonged to the Public Works Department, and worked towards the development of telecom throughout this period.
The All India Home Rule League was a national political organization founded in 1916 to lead the national demand for self-government, termed Home Rule, and to obtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time. Between 1916 and 1918, when the war was closing, prominent Indians like Joseph Baptista, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, G. S. Khaparde, Sir S. Subramania Iyer and the leader of the Theosophical Society, Annie Besant decided to organize a national alliance of leagues across India, specifically to demand Home Rule, or self-government within the British Empire for all of India. Tilak founded the first League in the city of Pune, Maharashtra
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57. When did the British Govt. start ruling India directly ?
The British-administered territories in India were expanded in three successive waves. The first wave (A.D. 1757-66) brought under direct British rule Bengal, Bihar, and the Northern Circars along the north-west shore of the Bay of Bengal; the second (A.D. 1790-1818) brought the Carnatic, the Upper Ganges Basin, and the Western Deccan; the third (A.D. 1843-9) brought the Indus Basin. In the Battle of Plassey, a British army of 2800 British soldiers and sepoys routed a Bengali army of 100,000 men. Clive`s victories over the Bengalis and French made the British East Indies Company a major power in India, able to install its own candidate on the Mughal throne and claim the wealthy province of Bengal for itself. British power, plus the fact that their “honorable masters” in England were 7000 miles and nine months travel away, left India wide open to exploitation by the company and its employees
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58. What did the Hunter Commission appointed by the Viceroy probe ?
On 14 October, 1919, after orders issued by the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, the Government of India announced the formation of a committee of inquiry into the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Referred to as the Disorders Inquiry Committee, it was later more widely known as the Hunter Commission. It was named after the name of chairman, Lord William Hunter, former Solicitor-General for Scotland and Senator of the College of Justice in Scotland. The stated purpose of the commission was to “investigate the recent disturbances in Bombay, Delhi and Punjab, about their causes, and the measures taken to cope with them”
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59. Who was the Chairman of the Union Powers Committee of the Constituent Assembly of India?
On the 14 August, 1947 meeting of the Assembly, a proposal for forming various committees was presented. Such committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee. The Union Powers Committee and the Union Constitution Committee was headed by Jawaharlal Nehru.
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60. From where did Acharya Vinoba Bhave start the Individual Satyagraha in 1940?
In October, 1940, Gandhi selected Vinoba Bhave as the first Satyagrahi-civil resister-for the individual Satyagraha against the British, and Jawaharlal Nehru was the second. Gandhi personally went to Pavnar Ashram to seek his consent. After obtaining Vinoba’s consent, Gandhi issued a comprehensive statement on 5 October, 1940.
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61. Which British Governor General introduced Postage Stamp in India ?
Although the Indian Post Office was established in 1837, Asia`s first adhesive stamp, the Scinde Dawk, was introduced in 1852 by Sir Bartle Frere, the British East India Company`s administrator of the province of Sind. The first stamps valid for postage throughout India were placed on sale in October, 1854 with four values: 1/2 anna, 1 anna, 2 annas, and 4 annas. These stamps were issued following a Commission of Inquiry which had carefully studied the postal systems of Europe and America. The new system was recommended by the Governor-General, Lord Dalhousie and adopted by the East India Company`s Court of Directors. It introduced “low and uniform” rates for sending mail efficiently throughout the country within the jurisdiction of the East India Company.
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62. The first telegraph line between Calcutta and Agra was opened in
The history of Indian telecom can be started with the introduction of telegraph. The Indian postal and telecom sectors are one of the world`s oldest. In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. Subsequently, the construction of 4,000 miles (6,400 km) of telegraph lines connecting Kolkata (then Calcutta) and Peshawar in the north along with Agra, Mumbai (then Bombay) through Sindwa Ghats, and Chennai (then Madras) in the south, as well as Ootacamund and Bangalore was started in November 1853. William O`Shaughnessy, who pioneered the telegraph and telephone in India, belonged to the Public Works Department, and worked towards the development of telecom throughout this period. A separate department was opened in 1854 when telegraph facilities were opened to the public.
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63. The original name of Swami Dayananda Saraswati was
Dayananda Saraswati was an important Hindu religious scholar, reformer, and founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement. He was the first to give the call for Swarajya– “India for Indians” – in 1876, later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak. Since he was born under Mul Nakshatra, he was named “Moolshankar”, and led a comfortable early life, studying Sanskrit, the Vedas and other religious texts to prepare himself for a future as a Hindu priest.
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64. The Swadeshi Movement was launched
A
as a protest against division of Bengal
B
with a view to improve the economic condition of the people by encouraging consumption of Indian goods
C
as a protest against the massacre of Indian people at Jallianwala Bagh
D
due to the failure of the British Government to introduce responsible Government in India
The Swadeshi movement, part of the Indian independence movement and the developing Indian nationalism, was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India by following the principles of swadeshi (self-sufficiency), which had some success. Strategies of the Swadeshi movement involved boycotting British products and the revival of domestic products and production processes. The Swadeshi Movement started with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, 1905 and continued up to 1908.
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65. The 19th Century reawak-ening in India was confined to the
The 19th century awakening in India was on the hand led by the very presence of the British rule in India and the education of the middle classes. The soil for the growth of Indian nationalism and political awakening was prepared by the socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century. Although the English educated class was a minority of the whole population of India but its influence and leadership could mould public opinion as the newspapers, educational institutions and the advocates of the legal courts were all greatly influenced by the opinion of this group.
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66. Who was the first Indian to be elected to the British Parliament?
Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader. His book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India brought attention to the draining of India’s wealth into Britain. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895, and the first Asian to be a British Member of Parliament. He is also credited with the founding of the Indian National Congress, along with A.O. Hume and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha.
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67. Who introduced the perma-nent settlement in Bengal ?
The Permanent Settlement was an agreement between the East India Company and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land, with far-reaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire Empire and the political realities of the Indian countryside. It was concluded in 1793, by the Company administration headed by Charles, Earl Cornwallis. It formed one part of a larger body of legislation enacted known as the Cornwallis Code
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68. When was the first passenger train run in India ?
The first train in India had become operational on 22 December 1851 for localized hauling of canal construction material in Roorkee. A year and a half later, on 16 April 1853, the first passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder in Bombay and Thane. Covering a distance of 34 kilometres, it was hauled by three locomotives, Sahib, Sindh, and Sultan. This was soon followed by opening of the first passenger railway line in North India between Allahabad and Kanpur on March 3, 1859.
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69. Who designed the national flag of Independent India ?
The National flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolor flag, of India saffron, white and India green; with the Ashok Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, when it became the official flag of the Dominion of India. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya. During the National conference of Indian National Congress at Kakinada, Venkayya suggested that India should have a national flag of its own and Mahatma Gandhi liked this proposal. He suggested that Venkayya could come up with a design
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70. Which of the following European Colonisers did not have a settlement on the Eastern Coast of India ?
The Eastern Coastal Plains refer to a wide stretch of landmass of India, lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. These plains are wider and level as compared to the western coastal plains. It stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the north. Of all the foreigners who established themselves on the Malabar Coast the Danes were the least successful. There were several factors which brought to pass this eventuality. The limited resources of Denmark, with its inadequate manpower, were no match for those of their fellow traders like the Portuguese, the Dutch and the English.
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71. In which session of Indian National Congress the tricolour flag was unfurled for the first time ?
On December 31, 1929, the newly adopted tricolour flag was unfurled at the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress. At this session, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru as the newly elected president spoke the following inspiring words: I have just unfurled the National Flag of Hindustan. What is the meaning of this flag? It is symbol of India`s unity. The flag under which you stand today and which you have just saluted does not belong to any particular section of society or community. It is the flag of the country. All those who stand today under this flag are Indians, not Hindus, not Muslims, but Indians. Re-member once again, now that this flag is unfurled, it must not be lowered so long as a single Indian, man, woman, or child lives in India.”
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72. Which among the following regulations made English as a medium of education compulsory in government aided schools and colleges ?
Macaulay was Secretary to the Board of Control under Lord Grey from 1832 until 1833. After the passing of the Government of India Act 1833, he was appointed as the first Law Member of the GovernorGeneral’s Council. He went to India in 1834. He served on the Supreme Council of India between 1834 and 1838. He introduced English education in India through his famous minute of February 1835.
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73. During colonial period, British capital was mainly invested in :
Company rule in India brought a major change in the taxation and agricultural policies, which tended to promote commercialisation of agriculture with a focus on trade, resulting in decreased production of food crops, mass impoverishment and destitution of farmers, and in the short term, led to numerous famines. After the removal of international restrictions by the Charter of 1813, Indian trade expanded substantially and over the long term showed an upward trend. The result was a significant transfer of capital from India to England, which, due to the colonial policies of the British, led to a massive drain of revenue rather than any systematic effort at modernisation of the domestic economy
Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress (Congress) in the first two decades of the 20th century, initially advocating Hindu-Muslim unity and helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress. Jinnah also became a key leader in the All India Home Rule League, and proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims should a united British India become independent.
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75. Who is popularly known as the ‘Grand Old Lady’ of the Independence Movement in India?
Lajpat Rai was born on 28th Jan, 1865 at a village named Dhudike in Ferozpur District of Punjab. his father, Munshi Radha Krishan was a great Scholar of Persian and Urdu. Lalaji`s mother, Gulab Devi, was a great source of inspiration. Lalaji was brought up in a family background that allowed freedom of having different faiths and beliefs.
Since childhood he had a desire to serve his country and its people, and therefore took a pledge to free it from foreign rule.
His activities were multifarious. He was an ardent social reformer. He founded the Indian Home Rule League of America in October 1917, in New York and, a year later, he also set up, with himself as Director, the "Indian Information Bureau" in New York to serve as a Publicity Organisation for India. Lala Lajpat Rai returned to India on Feb.20, 1920 as a great hero.
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78. Which among the following is campaign that was organised by the nationalists before the formation of Indian National Congress ?
82. Which among the following denotes a deputation of Muslims led by Aga Khan to Lord Minto to discuss political organisation for muslims, later came out as All India Muslim League?
General Hugh Rose arrived in Jhansi in 1858, ordered that it submit, and then attacked the city before seizing the fort. The British forces defeated an army led by Tantia Tope that was attempting to free Jhansi.
The 1901 Calcutta Session was the first time Mahatma Gandhi appeared on the Congress platform. Then a lawyer based in South Africa, Gandhi ji urged the Congress to support the struggle against racial discrimination and exploitation in the country.
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108. Who said the following, "It takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear. Inquilab Zindabad!"?
Sree Narayana Guru brought back to the minds of the people the real message of “Advaitha” which he formulated into a powerful practical philosophy of life as “One Caste, One Religion, One God for Man”.
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132. Who among the following leaders was associated with the papers Commonweal and New India which were used to popularise the idea of achieving self government for India?
By early 1915, Annie Besant had launched a campaign to demand self-government for India after the war on the lines of white colonies. She campaigned through her newspapers, New India and Commonweal, and through public meetings and conferences.
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133. The British Parliament took away the power to govern India from East India Company after the Revolt of 1857. The title of the Empress of India was assumed by
After the Revolt of 1857, the British Parliament took away the power to govern India from East India Company and the title of Empress of India was assumed by Queen Victoria.
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134. Which of the following statements is FALSE in relation to the Non-Cooperation Movements?
A
People were asked to boycott foreign goods and use only Indian made goods
B
Charkhas were popularized on a large scale and khadi was promoted
C
Abolition of Salt tax and reduction in land revenue rate
D
Promotion of harmony between the Hindus and Muslims
Abolition of Salt tax and reduction in land revenue rate
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135. Identify the national leader who tried to arouse political consciousness in the general population through the newspapers like Kesari and Maratha during India`s freedom stuggle.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
In 1881, he established two newspapers, the Marathi Kesari (Lion), and The Mahratta, published in English, to arouse political consciousness in the general population.
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136. ____ played a decisive role in integration of princely states of India.
Vallabhbhai Patel as Minister for Home and States Affairs had the responsibility of welding the British Indian provinces and the princely states into a united India.