The retreat of the Monsoon which generally oc- curs between September and November brings with it another peak in cyclone origination, noted for its predilection toward violent cyclone strikes. The cy- clones develop in the Bay of Bengal and move from the northeast to the southwest, causing heavy rain- fall and loss of life and property in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal. Tamil Nadu receives heavy rainfall from these winds as the retreating monsoon winds are moisture laden.

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Marwar is a region of southwestern Rajasthan state in western India. It lies partly in the Thar Desert which is the driest region of India. It includes the present-day districts of Barmer, Jalore, Lakshman Nagar, Jodhpur, Nagaur, and Pali. This desert tract, nicknamed Marwar or Marusthali – the Land of Death, lives up to its name with its scorching heat, thorny cactus and scrub, and scanty water.

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Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River, and is near the border between Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in northern India. It is India`s second tallest dam at 225.55 m high next to the 261m Tehri Dam. In terms of storage of water, it withholds the second largest reservoir in India, the first being Indira Sagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh.

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Narmada River flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, then along the border between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra and the border between Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat and in Gujarat. These states have been at loggerhead over the sharing of waters of the river

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Damodar Valley Corporation came into existence on 7 July, 1948 as the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India. It emerged as a culmination of attempts made over a whole century to control the wild and erratic Damodar River. The river spans over an area of 25,000 km2 covering the states of Bihar (now Jharkhand) & West Bengal.

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Shivasamudram holds the distinction of being the site of India`s first hydro-electric power station built in 1902. It was set up mainly to supply power to the Kolar goldmines 147 km away, making the 78 kv transmission line the longest in the world at the time. In fact, when the Mettur dam in Tamil Nadu was being constructed in the 1930`s, the power was supplied from Shivasamudram.

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The Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is a gravity masonry dam of 53.8 metres height built on the Chambal River at Rawatbhata in Rajasthan in India. It was officially declared open on 9 February 1970 by Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India.

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Immediately after independence, policy planners sought a solution to the recurring flood menace faced by people of North Bihar from the Kosi and other rivers flowing from Nepal to India. The Kosi project was thus conceptualized (based on investigations between 1946 to 1955), in three continuous interlinked stages. The third part envisaged a high multipurpose dam within Nepal at Barakshetra to provide substantial flood cushion along with large irrigation and power benefits to both countries.

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Doab is a term used in India and Pakistan for a "tongue" or tract of land lying between two confluent rivers. Unqualified by the names of any rivers, it designates the flat alluvial tract between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in western and southwestern Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand state in India, extending from the Sivalik Hills to the two rivers confluence at Allahabad.

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Tora Bora is a cave complex situated in the White Mountains of eastern Afghanistan, in the Pachir Wa Agam District of Nangarhar province, west of the Khyber Pass and 10 km (north of the border of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in Pakistan. It is close to Jalalabad. It was known to be an important area for the Taliban and insurgency against the Soviet Union in the 1980s.

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