1. Which Indian freedom fighter gave the slogan - Do or Die?
A
Subah Chandra Bose
B
Mahatma Gandhi
C
Lal Bahadur Shastri
D
Indira Gandhi
The Indian freedom fighter who gave the slogan "Do or Die" was Mahatma Gandhi. He coined this slogan during the Quit India Movement in 1942.
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2. Who among the following given options was the first to launch the Individual Satyagraha in 1940?
A
Acharya Vinoba Bhave
B
Jawahar Lal Nehru
C
Drahm Butt
D
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
The first person to launch the Individual Satyagraha in 1940 was Jawaharlal Nehru.
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3. Who among the following is considered to be the originator of the Khayal and Tarana styles of Hindustani Classical Music?
A
Niyamat Khan
B
Mohammad Shah Rangile
C
Amir Khusro
D
Tansen
Amir Khusro is considered to be the originator of the Khayal and Tarana styles of Hindustani Classical Music.
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4. The Buddhist sites Vaishali and Nalanda are situated in which of the following state?
A
Bihar
B
Chhattisgarh
C
Odisha
D
Assam
The Buddhist sites Vaishali and Nalanda are situated in the state of Bihar.
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5. The first Education Minister of Independent India was ____
A
Rajendra Prasad
B
Triguna Sen
C
KC Venugopal
D
Abul Kalam Azad
The first Education Minister of Independent India was Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
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6. The book Experiments with Truth is based on whose life?
A
Lala Lajpat Rai
B
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
C
Subhash Chadra Bose
D
Bhagat Singh
The book "Experiments with Truth" is based on the life of Mahatma Gandhi. It is also known by its original title "Satya Ke Sath Ek Atmakatha" in Hindi. This autobiography details Gandhi`s spiritual and political journey, highlighting his principles of nonviolence, truth, and self-discipline, which were central to his philosophy of Satyagraha (truth-force).
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7. Amnesty International is associated with which of the following?
A
Human Rights
B
Cultural Heritage Protection
C
Forest Conservation
D
Animal Rights
Amnesty International is associated with human rights advocacy. It is a non-governmental organization (NGO) that focuses on defending and promoting human rights globally. Amnesty International conducts research, advocates for justice, and works to raise awareness about human rights abuses.
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8. Which Indian state organizes the Dhanu Yatra festival?
A
Gujrat
B
Odhisa
C
West Bengal
D
Kerela
The Dhanu Yatra festival is organized in the state of Odisha, India. It is held annually in the town of Bargarh, which transforms into the mythological city of Mathura during the festival. Dhanu Yatra is a reenactment of the mythological story of Lord Krishna and his demon uncle King Kansa.
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9. Who composed the famous song Sare Jahan Se Achha?
A
Jaidev
B
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
C
Mohammad Iqbal
D
Rabindranath Tagore
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10. Annie Besant was associated with?
A
Khilafat Movement
B
Non Cooperation Movement
C
Civil Disobedience Movement
D
Home Rule League
In 1916, Annie Besant started the Home Rule League in present-day Chennai, Tamil Nadu. She believed that self-government was a right of the Indians and that they were entitled to it. Through her articles in the newspaper
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11. Name the Governor General who abolished Sati in 1829.
A
Lord Clive
B
Lord Curzon
C
Lord Bentinck
D
Lord Dalhousie
The practice of Sati was made illegal in 1829 under the Regulation XVII or the Bengal Sati Regulation which was passed by the then Governor General,
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12. Which of the following state in India celebrates Red Panda festival every year?
A
Sikkim
B
Assam
C
Manipur
D
Tripura
Red Panda
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13. The First battle of Tarain was fought by Prithiviraj Chauhan with invading armies of
A
Muhammad of Ghor
B
Shah Mir
C
Mir Jafar
D
None of these
The first battle of Tarain was fought in 1191 between the Ghurids, a Turkish tribe, led by Muhammad Ghori and the Rajputs led by Prithviraj Chauhan and his allies.
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14. Which of the following dynasty built the famous Ellora Caves?
A
Rashtrakuta
B
Chalukyas
C
Pallava
D
None of these
The Rashtrakuta dynasty and Kalachuris constructed part of the Hindu and Buddhist caves of Ellora and the Yadava dynasty constructed a number of the Jain caves.
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15. Which of the following was the Newspaper of Annie Besant?
A
The Hindu
B
Indian Express
C
New India
D
None of these
New India
was an early 20th century daily newspaper published in India by Annie
Besant, to highlight issues related to the Indian freedom struggle.
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16. Which scripture of Hinduism was translated into Persian as the Razmnama by the Mughals?
A
Mahabharata
B
Ramayana
C
Pantanjali yoga sutra
D
The Veda
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17. Who among the following founded Indian National Congress in 1885?
A
W C Banerjee
B
Allan Octavian Hume
C
Dadabhai Naoroji
D
Annie Besant
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18. Who among the following was the founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty?
A
Alp Tigin
B
Bahram Shah
C
Sabuktigin
D
Ala al Din Husayn
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19. The Khajuraho Group of Monuments are a group of ____ temples.
A
Hindu and Buddhism
B
Hindu and Jain
C
Hindu and Charvaka
D
Hindu and Kapalikas
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20. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, ascetic, Hindu monk and social reformer of 16th century, was from which of the following States?
A
West Bengal
B
Orissa
C
Maharashtra
D
None of these
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21. Who among the following founded the Ghadar Movement in 1913 in the city of San Franciso?
A
Sohan Sigh Bhakna
B
Har Dayal
C
Virendranath Chattopadhay
D
Shyamji Krishnaverma
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22. The Painted Grey Ware culture mostly corresponds to which of the following?
A
Early Vedic Period
B
Later Vedic Period
C
Indus Valley Civilization
D
None of these
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23. How long was the reign of Aurangzeb on the Mughal Empire?
A
1556-1605
B
1606-1627
C
1658-1707
D
1530-1540
1658-1707
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24. The Khajuraho Group of Monuments, famous for their nagara style architectural, were built by which of the following Dynasty?
A
Gupta
B
Sunga
C
Kushana
D
Chadela
Most Khajuraho temples were built between 885 AD and 1000 AD by the
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25. What is the term used for different Sufi schools or orders in India?
A
Tasawwuf
B
Tariqa
C
Dhikr
D
Sama
Tariqa
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26. Which of the following Chola kings was the first to capture Maldives?
A
Rajaraja Chola
B
Vijayalaya Chola
C
Rajendra Chola III
D
All of these
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27. From where the words Satyameva Jayate, meaning Truth Alone Triumphs, inscribed below the abacus of the National emblem, taken from?
A
Rig Ved
B
Mahabharata
C
Arthashastra
D
Mundaka Upanishad
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28. In 1927, Jawaharlal Nehru returned from Europe after representing the Indian National Congress at the Brussels against _____
A
Imperialism
B
Feudalism
C
Secularism
D
Nationalism
Imperialism
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29. Whom did Akbar defeated in the second battle of Panipat in 1556?
A
Sikander Shah Suri
B
Hemu
C
Udai Singh
D
None of these
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30. In which session the Indian National Congress passed the historic Purna Swaraj (complete independence) resolution?
A
Lahore session held in 1929
B
Madras session held in 1929
C
Calcutta session held in 1928
D
Guwahati session held in 1928
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31. For which among the following case were Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru sentenced to be hanged?
A
Meerut Conspiracy Case
B
Lahore Conspiracy Case
C
Revolutionary Conspiracy case
D
Kakori Conspiracy case
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32. What does the ancient sites of Rakhi-Khas and Rakhi-Shahpur of Harappan culture are collectively known as?
A
Bhirrana
B
Rakhigarhi
C
Kalibangan
D
Kot Diji
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33. Which Gahawar king drove out Amir Khusro from Lahore?
A
Chandradeva
B
Govindachandra
C
Vijayachandra
D
None of these
Vijayachandra
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34. Tenali Rama, an Indian poet, scholar, thinker, was a special advisor in the court of which among the following?
A
Narasa Nayaka
B
Krishandevaraya
C
Sadasivaraya
D
None of these
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35. Who among the following reigned the Mughal Empire in the years 1556-1605?
A
Reign of Akbar
B
Reign of Jahangir
C
Reign of Aurangzeb
D
Reign of Shah Jahan
Humayun`s son
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36. In Lucknow, who executed the brilliant idea of floating kites and balloons imprinted with the popular slogan Go Back Simon?
A
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
B
Mahatma Gandhi
C
Jawaharlal Nehru
D
Khaliquzzaman
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37. Who among the following devised the policy of Doctrine of Lapse?
A
Robert Clive
B
Lord Dalhousie
C
Lord Mountbatten
D
Lord Curzon
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38. Who among the following established the Swaraj Party?
A
Lala Lajapat Rai and Feroze Shah Mehta
B
Sarojini Naidu and Annie Besant
C
CR Das and Motilal Nehru
D
W C Banerjee and A O Hume
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39. Who wanted autonomous two states of India, with two separate Constituent Assembly?
A
Muslim league
B
Indian National Congress
C
Majority of Hindus
D
Majority of Muslims
Muslim League
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40. Which of the following is not among the four objectives of life which determines the Vedic view of the individual and his relation to society?
A
Ethical living
B
Desire and enjoyment
C
Heaven
D
Spiritual freedom
Heaven
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41. Which of the following South Indian state was the first successful Muslim invasion of Deccan?
A
Bijapur
B
Golkonda
C
Devagiri
D
Berar
Devagiri
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42. The foreign envoy who visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana :
A
Hiuen tsang
B
Fa Hien
C
Megasthenes
D
None of these
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43. Who built the Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur which is one of the largest Hindu temples?
A
Rajendra chola
B
Rajaraja I
C
Vijayalaya Chola
D
None of these
The Brihadeshwara Temple at Thanjavur was built by Rajaraja I in 1009 CE for worshipping Lord Shiva. Many of his achievements are inscribed here. It is the best example of Chola architecture.
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44. Who among the following is called a rayat?
A
Mughal
B
Peasant
C
Zamindar
D
Sultan
Peasant
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45. In which year was Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed?
A
1929
B
1930
C
1931
D
1932
Gandhi-Irwin Pact, agreement signed on March 5, 1931, between Mohandas K. Gandhi, leader of the Indian nationalist movement, and Lord Irwin (later Lord Halifax), British viceroy (1926–31) of India.
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46. Which of the following works are not attributed to Kalidas?
A
Kumarasambhava
B
Abhijnanashakuntala
C
Meghaduta
D
Kadambari
Kadambari
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47. In 1856, who supervised the first legal Hindu window remarriage among the upper caste in India?
A
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B
Debendranath Tagore
C
Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
D
Gopal Hari Deshmukh
PANDIT VIDYASAGAR protested against child marriage and favoured widow remarriage which was legalised by the Widow Remarriage Act (1856). It was due to his great support for the spread of education that he was given the title of Vidyasagar.
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48. What was the chief stone material used to make beads and seals in Indus Valley Civilization?
A
Quartz
B
Emerald
C
Steatie
D
Sapphire
Beads were made of carnelian, amethyst, jasper, crystal, quartz, steatite, turquoise, lapis lazuli, etc. Metals like copper, bronze and gold, and shell, faience and terracotta or burnt clay were also used for manufacturing beads.
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49. In 1856, Governor General ____ decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king and after his death none of his descendants would be recognised as kings - they would just be called princes.
A
Hastings
B
Canning
C
Munro
D
Cornwallis
In 1856, Governor-General Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king and after his death none of his descendants would be recognised as kings – they would just be called princes.
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50. The title of Sikander-e-Sani was assumed by which among the following sultan of Delhi?
A
Alam Shah
B
Balban
C
Qutubuddin Aibak
D
Alauddin Khalji
Alauddin Khilji was a militarist and imperialist to the core. He was very ambitious. Alauddin, whose original name was Ali Gurshap, assumed the title Sikandar-i-Sani (Alexander the Second) and proclaimed Delhi as Dar-ul-Khilafa (Seat of the Caliphate).
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51. The amara-nayaka system was a major political innovation of which of the following Empire?
A
Hoysalas
B
Kakatiyas
C
Vijayanagara
D
Bahamani
The Amara-nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire. Most probably many features of this system were derived from the data system of Delhi Sultanate.
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52. Which of the following historical sites in India belong to the Harappan Civilization?
A
Bhimbetka Rock Shelters
B
Rakhigarhi
C
Burzahom
D
Ajanta Caves
Rakhigarhi
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53. Which of the following was the first to shift capital from Lahore to Delhi?
A
Alam Shah
B
Balban
C
Qutubuddin Aibak
D
Iltutmish
Iltutmish shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi to administer the territories under him better.
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54. During reign of which Gupta King did Hunas invaded India?
A
Samudragupta
B
Skandagupta
C
Chandragupta
D
Ramagupta
It was the in the reign of
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55. King Krishnadeva Raja of Vijaynagara composed a work on statecraft in Telugu which is know as
A
Ekkottara Satsthala
B
Amuktamalyada
C
Ettuthogai
D
Manucharitram
Krishnadevaraya, the most famous ruler of Vijayanagara, composed a work on statecraft in Telugu known as the Amuktamalyada.
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56. Which among the following was awarded the Nawabship by Clive for his support to the English for the victory of the Battle of Plassey?
A
Rai Durlabh
B
Ami Chand
C
Mir Jafar
D
None of these
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57. Identify the national leader who tried to arouse political consciousness in the general population through the newspapers like Kesari and Maratha during India`s freedom stuggle.
A
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
B
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C
Aurobindo Ghosh
D
Subash Chandra Bose
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
In 1881, he established two newspapers, the Marathi Kesari (Lion), and The Mahratta, published in English, to arouse political consciousness in the general population.
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58. Which of the following statements is FALSE in relation to the Non-Cooperation Movements?
A
People were asked to boycott foreign goods and use only Indian made goods
B
Charkhas were popularized on a large scale and khadi was promoted
C
Abolition of Salt tax and reduction in land revenue rate
D
Promotion of harmony between the Hindus and Muslims
Abolition of Salt tax and reduction in land revenue rate
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59. The British Parliament took away the power to govern India from East India Company after the Revolt of 1857. The title of the Empress of India was assumed by
A
Queen Margaret
B
Queen Elizabeth
C
Queen Isabella
D
Queen Victoria
After the Revolt of 1857, the British Parliament took away the power to govern India from East India Company and the title of Empress of India was assumed by Queen Victoria.
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60. Who among the following leaders was associated with the papers Commonweal and New India which were used to popularise the idea of achieving self government for India?
A
Mrs. Annie Basant
B
Bal Gangadhar tilak
C
Gopalkrishna Gokhale
D
Bipin chandra pal
By early 1915, Annie Besant had launched a campaign to demand self-government for India after the war on the lines of white colonies. She campaigned through her newspapers, New India and Commonweal, and through public meetings and conferences.
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61. Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient india. It flourished and developed during the rule of which of the following dynasties in india?
A
Kushana dynasty
B
Satavahana dynasty
C
Maurya dynasty
D
Gupta dynasty
The Gandhara School of Art was developed during the reign of Kushanas.
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62. Kalinga war changed the life of King Ashoka. In which modern state of India is Kalinga located?
A
Odisha
B
Rajasthan
C
Punjab
D
Haryana
The Kalinga War (ended c. 261 BCE) was fought in ancient India between the Maurya Empire under Ashoka and the state of Kalinga, an independent feudal kingdom located on the east coast, in the present-day state of Odisha and northern parts of Andhra Pradesh.
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63. Who among the following social reformers preached the doctrine of One Caste, One Religion and One God?
A
Narayan Guru
B
Jyotiba Phule
C
Naoroji Furdunji
D
Balak Singh
Sree Narayana Guru brought back to the minds of the people the real message of “Advaitha” which he formulated into a powerful practical philosophy of life as “One Caste, One Religion, One God for Man”.
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64. On invitation of which of the following freedom fighters did Mahatma Gandhi visit Odisha for the first time in 1921, at cuttack?
A
Chandra Sekhar Behera
B
Laxmi Narayan Mishra
C
Gopalbandhu Das
D
Biswaksen Mishra
Gopalbandhu Das
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65. Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held?
A
Surat
B
Madras
C
Bombay
D
Lucknow
Bomboy
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66. Who was popularly called "Lokamanya"?
A
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B
E V Ramsamy
C
Anandha Charlu
D
Dadabhai Naoroji
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
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67. Who led the Champaran Satyagraha?
A
Mahatma Gandhi
B
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C
Anandha Charlu
D
E V Ramsamy
Mahatma Gandhi
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68. Who was the last Muslim Ruler of the Rajouri region?
A
Raja SardarKhan
B
Noor-Ud-Din
C
Raja Anwar Khan
D
Raja Raheem Ullah Khan
Raja Raheem Ullah Khan
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69. Where did the Champaran Satyagraha originate?
A
West Bengal
B
Madhya Pradesh
C
Bihar
D
Assam
Bihar
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70. What was the Nagpur Plan drawn in 1943 related to?
A
Road transportation
B
Telecommunication
C
Inland waterways
D
Space exploration
Road transportation
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71. Where did the Kheda Satyagraha originate?
A
Bihar
B
Gujarat
C
West Bengal
D
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
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72. Who led the Bardoli Satyagraha?
A
Sadar Vallabhai Patel
B
Mahatma Gandhi
C
Jawaharlal Nehru
D
M N Roy
Sadar Vallabhai Patel
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73. Where did the Congress Split of 1907 happen?
A
Surat
B
Calcutta
C
Bombay
D
Madras
A
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74. Mian Hathu governed Rajouri from 1846 to ___________ A.D.
A
1848
B
1856
C
1850
D
1852
B
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75. Who issued the Partition of Bengal in 1905?
A
Lord Rippon
B
Lord Curzon
C
Lord Lytton
D
Lord Minto
B
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Wrong Answered :
76. What is the other name of the Indian Councils Act, 1909?
A
Morley Minto Reforms, 1909
B
Montego Chemsford Reforms, 1909
C
Morley Montego Reforms, 1909
D
Government of British Raj Act, 1909
Morley Minto Reforms, 1909
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77. _____________ was called as "Father of Indian Unrest" by British Authorities.
A
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
B
B.R.Ambedkar
C
Mahatma Gandhi
D
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
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Wrong Answered :
78. Which Viceroy partitioned Bengal in 1905?
A
Lord Curzon
B
Lord Lytton
C
Lord Wavell
D
Lord Ripon
Lord Curzon
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Wrong Answered :
79. Where was Bahadur Shah II sent into asylum by the British after the Revolt of 1857?
A
Rangoon
B
Kashmir
C
Lahore
D
Dacca
Rangoon
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Wrong Answered :
80. Who among the following was one of the foremost leaders of Khilafat agitation?
A
Shaukat Ali
B
Tilak
C
Gokhale
D
Gokhale
Shaukat Ali
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Wrong Answered :
81. Who among the following is a woman freedom fighter from Karnataka, who organized "Prabhat Pheris" at prison?
A
Sarojini Naidu
B
Ambabai
C
Kadambini Ganguly
D
Annie Besant
Ambabai
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Wrong Answered :
82. Who was the foster son of Peshwa Baji Rao II?
A
Nana Saheb
B
Birjis Qadr
C
Tantia Tope
D
Mir Qasim
Nana Saheb
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Wrong Answered :
83. Who established "Shantiniketan"?
A
Dadabhai Naoroji
B
Maulana Muhammad Ali
C
Rabindranath Tagore
D
Jawaharlal Nehru
Rabindranath Tagore
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Wrong Answered :
84. Which of the following organizations was set up by Lal Chand?
A
Forward Bloc
B
Punjab Hindu Sabha
C
All India Muslim League
D
Congress
Punjab Hindu Sabha
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Wrong Answered :
85. Who among the following was a revolutionary nationalist from Maharashtra who wished to overthrow the British by means of armed rebellion?
A
Mangal Pandey
B
Vasudev Balwant Phadke
C
Bhagat Singh
D
Aurobindo Ghosh
Vasudev Balwant Phadke
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Wrong Answered :
86. In which year was the Madras Mahajan Sabha established?
A
1871
B
1855
C
1884
D
1823
1884
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Wrong Answered :
87. In which of the following years, an Interim Government under Nehru was sworn in?
A
1946
B
1885
C
1900
D
1909
1946
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88. Name the prominent social reformer and educationist from Bengal, who was born in the year 1820.
A
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
B
Rabindranath Tagore
C
Kabir
D
Bipin Chandra Pal
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
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Wrong Answered :
89. When did the British Government announce elections to the Indian Provincial Legislatures?
A
1927
B
1907
C
1937
D
1917
1937
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Wrong Answered :
90. In which year did a mutiny break out on the ships of Royal Indian Navy?
A
1927
B
1946
C
1940
D
1935
1946
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
91. Which among the following was the slogan that was raised by the Indian National Congress to protest against the Indian Council Act of 1892?
A
Inquilab Zindabad
B
Inquilab Zindabad
C
Quit India
D
No Taxation Without Representation
No Taxation Without Representation
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
92. Name the treaty that was signed after the First Anglo Burmese war.
A
Treaty of Yandaboo
B
Treaty of Surat
C
Treaty of Gwalior
D
Treaty of Allahabad
Treaty of Yandaboo
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
93. Who said the following, "It takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear. Inquilab Zindabad!"?
A
Tilak
B
Dadabhai Naoroji
C
B R Ambedkar
D
Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
94. During which Congress session did Mahatma Gandhi appeared on the Congress platform for the first time?
A
Madras session of 1903
B
Surat session of 1907
C
Karachi session of 1913
D
Calcutta Session of 1901
The 1901 Calcutta Session was the first time Mahatma Gandhi appeared on the Congress platform. Then a lawyer based in South Africa, Gandhi ji urged the Congress to support the struggle against racial discrimination and exploitation in the country.
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Wrong Answered :
95. Who among the following had boycotted the Quit India movement ?
A
Indian National Congress
B
Congress Socialist Party
C
Trade Unions
D
Hindu Mahasabha
Hindu Mahasabha
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
96. Which famous Indian thinker and social reformer said " So long as millions live in hunger and ignorance, I hold every
A
Dayanand Saraswati
B
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C
Dadabhai Naoroji
D
Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
97. In which year was Atmiya Sabha founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy?
A
1814
B
1836
C
1866
D
1855
1814
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
98. Who renounced his "Knighthood" after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
A
Dadabhai Naoroji
B
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C
Rabindranath Tagore
D
Lala Lajpat Rai
Rabindranath Tagore
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
99. In which year did the first Carnatic War begin?
A
1754
B
1857
C
1746
D
1799
1746
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
100. Who among the following was the wife of Bahadur Shah Zafar ?
A
Begum Hazrat Mahal
B
Rani Lakshmi Bai
C
Begum Zinat Mahal
D
Mumtaz Mahal
Begum Zinat Mahal
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
101. In which language was the Bande Mataram newspaper published?
A
English
B
Telugu
C
Hindi
D
Bengali
English
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
102. Which among the following is an organization that was formed in Madras before the formation of Indian National Congress?
A
Madras Native Association
B
Satyashodhak Samaj
C
Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company
D
Justice Party
Madras Native Association
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
103. When did the Santhal Rebellion occur?
A
1890-91
B
1844-45
C
1870-71
D
1855-56
1855-56
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
104. Name the British Commander who led the forces that attacked and besieged the fort of Jhansi during the Revolt of 1857.
A
Robert Clive
B
Hugh Rose
C
Hector Munroe
D
Hector Munroe
General Hugh Rose arrived in Jhansi in 1858, ordered that it submit, and then attacked the city before seizing the fort. The British forces defeated an army led by Tantia Tope that was attempting to free Jhansi.
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
105. Who was the External Affairs Minister for the 1946 Interim Government?
A
B.R. Ambedkar
B
C. Rajagopalachari
C
Annie Besant
D
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
106. In which of the following Indian provinces/presidencies, Ahmadiyya Movement was founded in 1889?
A
Bengal
B
Bombay
C
Madras
D
Punjab
Punjab
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
107. Who proposed Quit India resolution in the Congress Session?
A
Annie Besant
B
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C
Muhammad Ali Jawhar
D
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
108. Who among the following introduced the concept of Doctrine of Lapse?
A
Warren Hastings
B
John Shore
C
John Adam
D
Lord Dalhousie
Lord Dalhousie
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
109. From which among the following Indian regions did Kunwar Singh fight the Revolt of 1857?
A
Mumbai
B
Kashmir
C
Punjab
D
Bihar
Bihar
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
110. Who among the following was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress?
A
Pearl S Buck
B
Clara Barton
C
Annie Besant
D
Elizabeth Blackwell
Annie Besant
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
111. Who formed the first division of INA(Indian National Army) on 1st September 1942?
A
Subhas Chandra Bose
B
Bhagat Ram
C
Captain Mohan Singh
D
Bhagat Ram
Captain Mohan Singh
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
112. Which one of the following proposed 20% reserved seats for minorities?
A
Lucknow Pact
B
Desai-Liaquat pact
C
Poona Pact
D
Poona Pact
Desai-Liaquat pact
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
113. Who among the following was Swami Vivekananda`s disciple?
A
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
B
Sister Nivedita
C
Jyotiba Phule
D
Vishnu Shastri
Sister Nivedita
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
114. Where was HSRA founded?
A
Bombay
B
Madras
C
Nagpur
D
Delhi
Delhi
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
115. Who among the following is a social reformer from eastern Bengal, who strived for the upliftment of Chandala cultivators ?
A
Ghasidas
B
Haridas Thakur
C
Keshav Chandra Sen
D
Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar
Haridas Thakur
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
116. Who among the following was the editor of the newspaper Bande Mataram ?
A
Aurobindo Ghosh
B
Rabindranath Tagore
C
Henry Vivian Derozio
D
B.G Tilak
Aurobindo Ghosh
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
117. Who was chosen by Gandhi as his political successor?
A
Bipin Chandra Pal
B
Jawaharlal Nehru
C
Lala Lajpat Rai
D
Subhas Chandra Bose
Jawaharlal Nehru
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
118. In which of the following days, Jallianwala bagh massacre happened?
A
Dussehra
B
Ganesh Chaturthi
C
Baisakhi day
D
Shivratri
Baisakhi day
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
119. Which among the following denotes a deputation of Muslims led by Aga Khan to Lord Minto to discuss political organisation for muslims, later came out as All India Muslim League?
A
Communal Award
B
Lucknow Pact
C
Simla Deputation
D
Poona Pact
Simla Deputation
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Wrong Answered :
120. Name the Governor General of India who did away with the dual system of administration
A
Lord Lytton
B
Lord Dalhousie
C
Lord Cornwallis
D
Warren Hastings
Warren Hastings
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Wrong Answered :
121. Who was the Governor General of India when the Kingdom of Jhansi was annexed using the Doctrine of Lapse ?
A
Lord irwin
B
Lord Hastings
C
Lord Cornwallis
D
Lord Dalhousie
Lord Dalhousie
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
122. Who among the following was a member of the Cabinet Mission ?
A
Lord Wavell
B
Pethick Lawrence
C
Lord Mountbatten
D
John Simon
Pethick Lawrence
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
123. Which among the following is campaign that was organised by the nationalists before the formation of Indian National Congress ?
A
Campaign against Simon Commission
B
Campaign in favor of Ilbert Bill
C
Campaign against Partition of Bengal
D
Campaign against Rowlatt Act
Campaign in favor of Ilbert Bill
Correct Answered :
Wrong Answered :
124. Who founded the Indian Home Rule League of America in 1917?
A
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B
Lala Lajpat Rai
C
Jawaharlal Nehru
D
Dadabhai naoroji
Lajpat Rai was born on 28th Jan, 1865 at a village named Dhudike in Ferozpur District of Punjab. his father, Munshi Radha Krishan was a great Scholar of Persian and Urdu. Lalaji`s mother, Gulab Devi, was a great source of inspiration. Lalaji was brought up in a family background that allowed freedom of having different faiths and beliefs.
Since childhood he had a desire to serve his country and its people, and therefore took a pledge to free it from foreign rule.
His activities were multifarious. He was an ardent social reformer. He founded the Indian Home Rule League of America in October 1917, in New York and, a year later, he also set up, with himself as Director, the "Indian Information Bureau" in New York to serve as a Publicity Organisation for India. Lala Lajpat Rai returned to India on Feb.20, 1920 as a great hero.
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Wrong Answered :
125. Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi was the queen of _____
A
Raja Gangadhar Rao
B
Scindia of Gwalior
C
Nana Saheb
D
Tantia Tope
Raja Gangadhar Rao
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Wrong Answered :
126. Who is popularly known as the ‘Grand Old Lady’ of the Independence Movement in India?
A
Sarojini Naidu
B
Aruna Asaf Ali
C
Mother Mary Teresa
D
Mother Mary Teresa
Aruna Asaf Ali
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Wrong Answered :
128. M. A. Jinnah, in his early political life–
A
supported two nation theory
B
initiated Hindu-Muslim unity
C
imagined Pakistan as an independent State
D
was a communalist
Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress (Congress) in the first two decades of the 20th century, initially advocating Hindu-Muslim unity and helping to shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress. Jinnah also became a key leader in the All India Home Rule League, and proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims should a united British India become independent.
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Wrong Answered :
129. During colonial period, British capital was mainly invested in :
A
Infra structure
B
Industry
C
Agriculture
D
Services
Company rule in India brought a major change in the taxation and agricultural policies, which tended to promote commercialisation of agriculture with a focus on trade, resulting in decreased production of food crops, mass impoverishment and destitution of farmers, and in the short term, led to numerous famines. After the removal of international restrictions by the Charter of 1813, Indian trade expanded substantially and over the long term showed an upward trend. The result was a significant transfer of capital from India to England, which, due to the colonial policies of the British, led to a massive drain of revenue rather than any systematic effort at modernisation of the domestic economy
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Wrong Answered :
130. Which among the following regulations made English as a medium of education compulsory in government aided schools and colleges ?
A
Pitts India Act, 1784
B
Educational Despatch, 1854
C
Macaulay Minute, 1835
D
Regulating Act, 1773
Macaulay was Secretary to the Board of Control under Lord Grey from 1832 until 1833. After the passing of the Government of India Act 1833, he was appointed as the first Law Member of the GovernorGeneral’s Council. He went to India in 1834. He served on the Supreme Council of India between 1834 and 1838. He introduced English education in India through his famous minute of February 1835.
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Wrong Answered :
131. In which session of Indian National Congress the tricolour flag was unfurled for the first time ?
A
Calcutta Session, 1920
B
Annual Session of Congress at Nagpur, 1920
C
Lahore Congress, 1929
D
Haripura Congress Conference, 1938
On December 31, 1929, the newly adopted tricolour flag was unfurled at the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress. At this session, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru as the newly elected president spoke the following inspiring words: I have just unfurled the National Flag of Hindustan. What is the meaning of this flag? It is symbol of India`s unity. The flag under which you stand today and which you have just saluted does not belong to any particular section of society or community. It is the flag of the country. All those who stand today under this flag are Indians, not Hindus, not Muslims, but Indians. Re-member once again, now that this flag is unfurled, it must not be lowered so long as a single Indian, man, woman, or child lives in India.”
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Wrong Answered :
132. Which of the following European Colonisers did not have a settlement on the Eastern Coast of India ?
A
French
B
Portuguese
C
Dutch
D
Danish
The Eastern Coastal Plains refer to a wide stretch of landmass of India, lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. These plains are wider and level as compared to the western coastal plains. It stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the north. Of all the foreigners who established themselves on the Malabar Coast the Danes were the least successful. There were several factors which brought to pass this eventuality. The limited resources of Denmark, with its inadequate manpower, were no match for those of their fellow traders like the Portuguese, the Dutch and the English.
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Wrong Answered :
133. Who designed the national flag of Independent India ?
A
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
B
Rabindranath Tagore
C
Mahatma Gandhi
D
Pingali Venkaiah
The National flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolor flag, of India saffron, white and India green; with the Ashok Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, when it became the official flag of the Dominion of India. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress designed by Pingali Venkayya. During the National conference of Indian National Congress at Kakinada, Venkayya suggested that India should have a national flag of its own and Mahatma Gandhi liked this proposal. He suggested that Venkayya could come up with a design
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Wrong Answered :
134. When was the first passenger train run in India ?
A
January 1848
B
April 1853
C
May 1857
D
April 1852
The first train in India had become operational on 22 December 1851 for localized hauling of canal construction material in Roorkee. A year and a half later, on 16 April 1853, the first passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder in Bombay and Thane. Covering a distance of 34 kilometres, it was hauled by three locomotives, Sahib, Sindh, and Sultan. This was soon followed by opening of the first passenger railway line in North India between Allahabad and Kanpur on March 3, 1859.
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Wrong Answered :
135. Who introduced the perma-nent settlement in Bengal ?
A
Lord Cornwallis
B
Lord Dalhousie
C
William Bentinck
D
Lord Curzon
The Permanent Settlement was an agreement between the East India Company and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land, with far-reaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire Empire and the political realities of the Indian countryside. It was concluded in 1793, by the Company administration headed by Charles, Earl Cornwallis. It formed one part of a larger body of legislation enacted known as the Cornwallis Code
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Wrong Answered :
136. Who was the first Indian to be elected to the British Parliament?
A
Dadabhai Naoroji
B
Gopala Krishna Gokhale
C
Bipin Chandra Pal
D
Lala Lajpat Rai
Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader. His book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India brought attention to the draining of India’s wealth into Britain. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895, and the first Asian to be a British Member of Parliament. He is also credited with the founding of the Indian National Congress, along with A.O. Hume and Dinshaw Edulji Wacha.
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Wrong Answered :
137. The 19th Century reawak-ening in India was confined to the
A
Priestly class
B
Upper middle class
C
Rich peasantry
D
Urban landlords
The 19th century awakening in India was on the hand led by the very presence of the British rule in India and the education of the middle classes. The soil for the growth of Indian nationalism and political awakening was prepared by the socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century. Although the English educated class was a minority of the whole population of India but its influence and leadership could mould public opinion as the newspapers, educational institutions and the advocates of the legal courts were all greatly influenced by the opinion of this group.
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138. The Swadeshi Movement was launched
A
as a protest against division of Bengal
B
with a view to improve the economic condition of the people by encouraging consumption of Indian goods
C
as a protest against the massacre of Indian people at Jallianwala Bagh
D
due to the failure of the British Government to introduce responsible Government in India
The Swadeshi movement, part of the Indian independence movement and the developing Indian nationalism, was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India by following the principles of swadeshi (self-sufficiency), which had some success. Strategies of the Swadeshi movement involved boycotting British products and the revival of domestic products and production processes. The Swadeshi Movement started with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, 1905 and continued up to 1908.
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Wrong Answered :
139. The original name of Swami Dayananda Saraswati was
A
Abhi Shankar
B
Gowri Shankar
C
Daya Shankar
D
Mula Shankar
Dayananda Saraswati was an important Hindu religious scholar, reformer, and founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement. He was the first to give the call for Swarajya– “India for Indians” – in 1876, later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak. Since he was born under Mul Nakshatra, he was named “Moolshankar”, and led a comfortable early life, studying Sanskrit, the Vedas and other religious texts to prepare himself for a future as a Hindu priest.
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Wrong Answered :
140. The first telegraph line between Calcutta and Agra was opened in
A
1852
B
1853
C
1854
D
1855
The history of Indian telecom can be started with the introduction of telegraph. The Indian postal and telecom sectors are one of the world`s oldest. In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. Subsequently, the construction of 4,000 miles (6,400 km) of telegraph lines connecting Kolkata (then Calcutta) and Peshawar in the north along with Agra, Mumbai (then Bombay) through Sindwa Ghats, and Chennai (then Madras) in the south, as well as Ootacamund and Bangalore was started in November 1853. William O`Shaughnessy, who pioneered the telegraph and telephone in India, belonged to the Public Works Department, and worked towards the development of telecom throughout this period. A separate department was opened in 1854 when telegraph facilities were opened to the public.
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Wrong Answered :
141. Which British Governor General introduced Postage Stamp in India ?
A
Lord Dalhousie
B
Lord Auckland
C
Lord Canning
D
Lord William Bentinck
Although the Indian Post Office was established in 1837, Asia`s first adhesive stamp, the Scinde Dawk, was introduced in 1852 by Sir Bartle Frere, the British East India Company`s administrator of the province of Sind. The first stamps valid for postage throughout India were placed on sale in October, 1854 with four values: 1/2 anna, 1 anna, 2 annas, and 4 annas. These stamps were issued following a Commission of Inquiry which had carefully studied the postal systems of Europe and America. The new system was recommended by the Governor-General, Lord Dalhousie and adopted by the East India Company`s Court of Directors. It introduced “low and uniform” rates for sending mail efficiently throughout the country within the jurisdiction of the East India Company.
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Wrong Answered :
142. From where did Acharya Vinoba Bhave start the Individual Satyagraha in 1940?
A
Nadiad in Gujarat
B
Pavnar in Maharashtra
C
Adyar in Tamil Nadu
D
Guntur in Andhra Pradesh
In October, 1940, Gandhi selected Vinoba Bhave as the first Satyagrahi-civil resister-for the individual Satyagraha against the British, and Jawaharlal Nehru was the second. Gandhi personally went to Pavnar Ashram to seek his consent. After obtaining Vinoba’s consent, Gandhi issued a comprehensive statement on 5 October, 1940.
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Wrong Answered :
143. Who was the Chairman of the Union Powers Committee of the Constituent Assembly of India?
A
Sardar Vallabhbahi Patel
B
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C
Sir Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
D
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
On the 14 August, 1947 meeting of the Assembly, a proposal for forming various committees was presented. Such committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee. The Union Powers Committee and the Union Constitution Committee was headed by Jawaharlal Nehru.
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Wrong Answered :
144. What did the Hunter Commission appointed by the Viceroy probe ?
A
Bardoli Satayagraha
B
Khilafat Agitation
C
Jallianwala Bagh tragedy
D
Chauri Chaura incident
On 14 October, 1919, after orders issued by the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, the Government of India announced the formation of a committee of inquiry into the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Referred to as the Disorders Inquiry Committee, it was later more widely known as the Hunter Commission. It was named after the name of chairman, Lord William Hunter, former Solicitor-General for Scotland and Senator of the College of Justice in Scotland. The stated purpose of the commission was to “investigate the recent disturbances in Bombay, Delhi and Punjab, about their causes, and the measures taken to cope with them”
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Wrong Answered :
145. When did the British Govt. start ruling India directly ?
A
After the Battle of Plassey
B
After the Battle of Panipat
C
After the War of Mysore
D
After Sepoy Mutiny
The British-administered territories in India were expanded in three successive waves. The first wave (A.D. 1757-66) brought under direct British rule Bengal, Bihar, and the Northern Circars along the north-west shore of the Bay of Bengal; the second (A.D. 1790-1818) brought the Carnatic, the Upper Ganges Basin, and the Western Deccan; the third (A.D. 1843-9) brought the Indus Basin. In the Battle of Plassey, a British army of 2800 British soldiers and sepoys routed a Bengali army of 100,000 men. Clive`s victories over the Bengalis and French made the British East Indies Company a major power in India, able to install its own candidate on the Mughal throne and claim the wealthy province of Bengal for itself. British power, plus the fact that their “honorable masters” in England were 7000 miles and nine months travel away, left India wide open to exploitation by the company and its employees
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146. The Home Rule Leagu was started by
A
Mahatma Gandhi
B
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C
Jawahar Lal Nehru
D
Rajendra Prasad
The All India Home Rule League was a national political organization founded in 1916 to lead the national demand for self-government, termed Home Rule, and to obtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time. Between 1916 and 1918, when the war was closing, prominent Indians like Joseph Baptista, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, G. S. Khaparde, Sir S. Subramania Iyer and the leader of the Theosophical Society, Annie Besant decided to organize a national alliance of leagues across India, specifically to demand Home Rule, or self-government within the British Empire for all of India. Tilak founded the first League in the city of Pune, Maharashtra
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Wrong Answered :
147. When was first telegraph line started in India ?
A
1851
B
1875
C
1884
D
1900
In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbour. In 1851, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. Subsequently, the construction of 6,400 km of telegraph lines connecting Kolkata (then Calcutta) and Peshawar in the north along with Agra, Mumbai (then Bombay) through Sindwa Ghats, and Chennai (then Madras) in the south, as well as Ootacamund and Bangalore was started in November 1853. William O’Shaughnessy, who pioneered the telegraph and telephone in India, belonged to the Public Works Department, and worked towards the development of telecom throughout this period.
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Wrong Answered :
148. Which of the following pairs contributed significantly to integrate the princely states into Indian Union ?
A
Sardar Patel and Jawaharlal Nehru
B
Sardar Patel and V.P. Menon
C
Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi
D
Sardar Patel and K.M. Munsi
At the time of Indian independence, India was divided into two sets of territories, the first being the territories of “British India,” which were under the direct control of the India Office in London and the Governor-General of India, and the second being the “Princely states,” the territories over which the Crown had suzerainty, but which were under the control of their hereditary rulers. In addition, there were several colonial enclaves controlled by France and Portugal. The integration of these territories into Dominion of India, created by the Indian Independence Act 1947 by the British parliament, was a declared objective of the Indian National Congress, which the Government of India pursued over the years 1947 to 1949. Through a combination of tactics, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and V. P. Menon in the months immediately preceding and following the independence convinced the rulers of almost all of the hundreds of princely states to accede to India.
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149. In which of the following systems of land settlement adopted by the English did provide more protection to the interests of farmers ?
A
Permanent Settlement of Bengal
B
Ryotwari Settlement of Madras
C
Zamindari Settlement of Central States
D
Malgujari (land revenue) Setternent of United State
The Ryotwari system, instituted in some parts of British India, was one of the two main systems used to collect revenues from the cultivators of agricultural land. These revenues included undifferentiated land taxes and rents, which were collected simultaneously. Under the Ryotwari system, settlement of land revenue settlement was directly made between the government and the ryot, i.e., the cultivators or tenants. Moreover, in the ryotwari settlement the revenue was fixed for a period of thirty years, and not on a permanent basis as was in the case of the Permanent Settlement.
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150. Which one of the following libraries has the largest collection of manuscripts of historical value?
A
Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library
B
Tanjavur Maharaja Serfoji Saraswati Mahal Library
C
Asiatic Society Library
D
Rampur Raza Library
Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library was opened to public in October, 1891 by Khan Bahadur Khuda Bakhsh with 4,000 manuscripts, of which he inherited 1,400 from his father Maulvi Mohammed Bakhsh. It is an autonomous organization under Ministry of Culture, Government of India, and is governed by a Board with the Governor of Bihar as its ex-officio Chairman. It is known for its rare collection of Persian and Arabic manuscripts. It also hosts paintings made during the Rajput and Mughal eras of India.
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151. When was the first train steamed off in India ?
A
1848
B
1853
C
1875
D
1880
Two new railway companies, Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR) and East Indian Railway (EIR), were created in 1853-54 to construct and operate two experimental lines near Bombay and Calcutta respectively. The first train in India had become operational on 22 December, 1851 for localized hauling of canal construction material in Roorkee. A year and a half later, on 16 April, 1853, the first passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder in Bombay and Thane. Covering a distance of 34 kilometres, it was hauled by three locomotives, Sahib, Sindh, and Sultan.
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152. The Simon Commission was formed to review
A
legislatures in India
B
fitness of India for further constitutional reforms
C
the position of the viceroy
D
a Constitution for India
The Indian Statutory Commission was a group of seven British Members of Parliament that had been dispatched to India in 1927 to study constitutional reform in Britain’s most important colonial dependency. It was commonly referred to as the Simon Commission after its chairman, Sir John Simon. The Indian national leaders had been continuously demanding constitutional reforms since 1919 when the Montague-Chelmsford Reform (1919) was introduced by the British government. Under the circumstances, in 1927 the British government in England formally constituted an enquiry commission to recommend further constitutional reform that may be introduced in India. It was meant to review constitutional progress so far and decide upon the future course.
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153. Sati was prohibited by
A
Warren Hastings
B
Lord Wellesley
C
Lord William Bentinck
D
Lord Dalhousie
Historically, efforts to prevent Sati by formal means were extent even before the Mughal rulers came to power. Under the Delhi Sultanates (circa 1325) permission had to be sought prior to any Sati. In their own sphere of influence the Portuguese, Dutch and French banned Sati but efforts to stamp out Sati were formalised only under Lord William Bentinck after 1829. William Cavendish Bentinck succeeded Lord Amherst as the Governor General of India. He took over the charge of Indian administration in the year 1828. Bentinck took effective steps to root out social evils like Sati and infanticide.
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154. Who led the Salt Satyagraha Movement with Gandhi?
A
Annie Besant
B
Mridula Sarabhai
C
Muthu Lakshmi
D
Sarojini Naidu
The Dandi march was undertaken by Gandhiji and about 78 of his followers, starting from Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad. The Satyagrahis set out on foot, for the coastal village of Dandi, Gujarat, about 240 miles away. The walk lasted for 23 days and passed through 48 villages. The marchers were received with great enthusiasm and the support from the masses was very evident. During the course of the journey, thousands of Satyagrahis joined the walk, including leaders like Sarojini Naidu.
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155. In which of the following movements did Mahatma Gandhi make the first use of Hunger Strike as a weapon?
A
Non-Cooperation Movement, 1920-22
B
Rowlatt Satyagraha, 1919
C
Ahmedabad Strike, 1918
D
Bardoli Satyagraha
In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi intervened in a dispute between the workers and mill-owners of Ahmedabad. He advised the workers to go on strike and to demand a 35 per cent increase in wages. But he insisted that the workers should not use violence against the employers during the strike. He undertook a fast unto death (first among the 17 such fasts) to strengthen the worker`s resolve to continue the strike. But his fast also put pressure on the mill-owners who relented on the fourth day and agreed to give the workers a 35 per cent increase in wages.
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156. What did Jyotiba Phule`s Satyashodhak Samaj attempt in the last century?
A
Saving the lower castes from hypocritical Brahmans and their opportunistic scriptures
B
Attacking the caste system
C
Led an anti-landlord and antimahajan upsurge in Satara
D
Separate representation for untouchables
Satya Shodhak Samaj was a religion established by Mahatma Jotirao Phule on September 24, 1873. This was started as a group whose main aim was to liberate the social Shudra and Untouchable castes from exploitation and oppression. While condemning the prevalent religion, Phule established Satya Shodhak Samaj with the ideals of human well being in broader aspects, human happiness, unity, equality, and easy religious principles and rituals.
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157. The first attempt to introduce a representative and popular element in the governance of India was made through :
A
Indian Council Act, 1861
B
Indian Council Act, 1892
C
Indian Council Act, 1909
D
Government of India Act, 1919
The Indian Council act of 1909 also known as the Morley-Minto reforms named after the then Secretary of State for India, Lord Morley and the Viceroy Lord Minto. Its provisions were incorporated into the Indian Councils act of 1909 and were perhaps the first attempt at introducing a popular representative element in the government. In the provincial legislative councils, the number of non official members was increased, thereby reducing the official members to a minority. At the central legislative council however the official members still maintained their majority. The councils were given a little more power in the administration and could influence decisions on certain matters of the state.
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158. One time associate of Mahatma Gandhi, broke off from him and launched a radical movement called self-respect movement. Who was he ?
A
P. Thyagaraja Shetti
B
Chhatrapati Maharaj
C
E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker
D
Jyotirao Govindrao Phule
The Self-Respect Movement is a movement with the aim of achieving a society where backward castes have equal human rights, and encouraging backward castes to have self-respect in the context of a caste based society that considered them to be a lower end of the hierarchy. It was founded in 1925 by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy (also known as Periyar) in Tamil Nadu, India. Periyar was convinced that if man developed self respect, he would automatically develop individuality and would refuse to be led by the nose by schemers. One of his most known quotes on Self-Respect was, “we are fit to think of self-respect only when the notion of superior and inferior caste is banished from our land”
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159. In 1939, for the first time, Gandhiji tried out his specific techniques of controlled mass struggle in a native state. He allowed a close associate of his to lead a satyagraha. Who was he?
A
K. T. Bhashyam in Mysore
B
Jamnalal Bajaj in Jaipur
C
Vallabh Bhai Patel in Rajkot
D
Nebakrushna Chaudhri in Dhenkanal
Gandhi was against Congress intervention in the affairs of Princely states. He at first showed “exceptional rigidity” (some very limited attempts at “controlled mass struggle”) in Rajkot, where there was little danger of agrarian radicalism.
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160. On September 20, 1932 Mahatma Gandhi began a fast unto death in Yervada Jail against :
A
British repression of the Satyagrahis.
B
Violation of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
C
Communal award of Ramsay MacDonald.
D
Communal riots in Calcutta.
In 1932, a round table conference was organized and Ambedkar, an eminent lawyer and a Dalit leader was invited to attend the same. Through his campaigning, the government granted untouchables separate electorates under the new constitution. In protest Gandhi began a fast-unto-death while imprisoned in the Yerwada Central Jail of Pune in 1932 against the separate electorate for untouchables only. Ambedkar agreed under massive coercion from the supporters of Gandhi for an agreement, which saw Gandhi end his fast, while dropping the demand for separate electorates that was promised through the British Communal Award prior to Ambedkar`s meeting with Gandhi.
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161. Who persuaded the ratings of the RIN (Royal India Navy) to surrender on the 23rd February 1946?
A
Mahatma Gandhi
B
Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
C
Vallabh Bhai Patel and M.A. Jinnah
D
Morarji Desai and J.B. Kripalani
In February 1946, the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) experienced a major mutiny, on a magnitude rare among modern navies. The Second Battalion of the Black watch was called from their barracks in Karachi to deal with this mutiny on Manora Island. Both Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Sardar Patel successfully persuaded the ratings to surrender. Patel wrote, “Discipline in the army cannot be tampered with. We will want the army even in free India”.
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162. What was the ultimate goal of Mahatma Gandhi`s Salt Satyagraha?
A
repeal of Salt laws
B
curtailment of the Government`s power
C
economic relief to the common people
D
Purna Swaraj for India
The Salt Satyagraha started on March 12, 1930, with the undertaking of the Dandi Yatra (Dandi March). The triggering factor for this movement was the British monopoly of salt trade in India and the imposition of a salt tax. According to the contemporary British laws, the sale or production of salt by anyone but the British government was a criminal offense. The goals of the movement were to end the British monopoly on salt, decrease dependence on foreign cloth, reduce land revenue assessments, build unity among Hindus and Muslims of all economic and social classes, and ultimately end British colonial rule over India and declare Purna Swaraj (complete independence).
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163. Who represented India in the Second Round Table Conference?
A
Aruna Asaf Ali
B
Sucheta Kripalani
C
Sarojini Naidu
D
Kalpana Joshi
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact opened the way for Congress participation in this conference. Mahatma Gandhi was invited from India and attended as the sole official Congress representative accompanied by Sarojini Naidu and also Madan Mohan Malaviya, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail Diwan of Mysore, S.K. Dutta and Sir Syed Ali Imam. Gandhi claimed that the Congress alone represented political India; that the Untouchables were Hindus and should not be treated as a “minority”; and that there should be no separate electorates or special safeguards for Muslims or other minorities. These claims were rejected by the other Indian participants.
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164. The system of communal electorate in India was first introduced by :
A
Indian Council Act of 1892.
B
Minto-Morley reforms of 1909
C
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919
D
Government of India of 1935
The Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, introduced the system of communal electorate in India. It provided that Indian Muslims be allotted reserved seats in the Municipal and District Boards, in the Provincial Councils and in the Imperial Legislature; that the number of reserved seats be in excess of their relative population (25 percent of the Indian population); and, that only Muslims should vote for candidates for the Muslim seats (‘separate electorates’). These concessions were a constant source of strife during 1909-47.
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165. Mahatma Gandhi got his inspiration for Civil Disobedience from :
A
Tuoreau
B
Ruskin
C
Confucius
D
Tolstoy
Mahatma Gandhi got inspiration of Civil Disobedience by reading a book of David Thoreau who was an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, and leading transcendentalist. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state. Thoreau`s philosophy of civil disobedience later influenced the political thoughts and actions of such notable figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mohandas Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr
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166. Through which principle or device did Gandhiji strive to bridge economic inequalities?
A
Abolition of machinery
B
Establishment of village industries
C
Trusteeship theory
D
None of the above
Trusteeship is a socio-economic philosophy that was propounded by Mahatma Gandhi. It provides a means by which the wealthy people would be the trustees of trusts that looked after the welfare of the people in general. This concept was condemned by socialists as being in favor of the landlords, feudal princes and the capitalists. Gandhi believed that the rich people could be persuaded to part with their wealth to help the poor. The founder of the Tata group, JRD Tata was influenced by Gandhi’s idea of trusteeship. He developed his personal and professional life based on this idea.
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167. The father of extremist movement in India is :
A
Motilal Nehru
B
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
C
Vallabhbhai Patel
D
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Lokmanya Tilak, born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak (23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), was an Indian nationalist, journalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer and independence fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities derogatorily called him “Father of the Indian unrest”. Tilak professed a different ethics from that of Gandhi and followed a trend of extremism and violence, which earned him the appellation of the father of Indian unrest. He advocated violence as the higher duty based on his interpretation of the Bhagavad-Gita (Song of the Lord).
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168. Permanent Revenue settlement of Bengal was introduced by :
A
Clive
B
Hastings
C
Wellesley
D
Cornwallis
The Permanent Settlement — also known as the Permanent Settlement of Bengal— was an agreement between the East India Company and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land, with farreaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire Empire and the political realities of the Indian countryside. It was concluded in 1793, by the Company administration headed by Charles, Earl Cornwallis. It formed one part of a larger body of legislation enacted known as the Cornwallis Code.
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169. What was the basis of transfer of power to India on 15th August by ?
A
Congress had demanded “Poorna Swaraj”.
B
On this day Mahatma Gandhi started Quit India Movement.
C
Anniversary of formation of Interim Government
D
Anniversary of the surrender of Japanese army before Admiral Mountbatten
In Lord Mountbatten`s words, as told to Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre: “The date I chose came out of the blue. I chose it in reply to a question. I was determined to show I was master of the whole event. When they asked had we set a date, I knew it had to be soon. I hadn`t worked it out exactly then — I thought it had to be about August or September and I then went out to the 15th August. Why? Because it was the second anniversary of Japan`s surrender.
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170. Mahatma Gandhi was first arrested during Satyagrah in the year—
A
1906
B
1908
C
1913
D
1917
Gandhi went to South Africa in 1893 but he was shocked to see racism, prejudice and inequality against Indian citizens in South Africa and he established the Natal Indian Congress in 1894 and formed an Indian community in South Africa. In 1906, the Transvaal government of South Africa promulgated a new Act compelling registration of the colony`s Indian population. At a mass protest meeting held in Johannesburg on 11 September that year, Gandhi adopted his still evolving methodology of Satyagraha (devotion to the truth), or non-violent protest, for the first time. In June 1907, he organized Satyagraha against compulsory registration of Asiatics (The Black Act). In 1908, Gandhiji had to stand trial for instigating the Satyagraha. He was sentenced to two months in jail (the first time), however after a compromise with General Smuts he was released.
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171. Naokhali is situated in—
A
West Bengal
B
Bangladesh
C
Tripura
D
Bihar
Noakhali is a district in South-eastern Bangladesh. It is located in the Chittagong Division. This place is remembered for the genocide in form of a series of massacres, rapes, abductions and forced conversions of Hindus and looting and arson of Hindu properties, perpetrated by the Muslim community in the districts of Noakhali and Tipperah in the Chittagong Division of Bengal in October–November 1946, a year before India’s independence from British rule. Gandhi camped in Noakhali for four months and toured the district in a mission to restore peace and communal harmony.
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172. “Go back to Vedas.” This call given by
A
Ramakrishna Paramah-amsa
B
Vivekananda
C
Jyotiba Phule
D
Daynand Saraswati
One of the main messages of Swami Dayanand Saraswati was for Hindus to go back to the roots of their religion, which are the Vedas. By doing this, he felt that Hindus would be able to improve the depressive religious, social, political, and economic conditions prevailing in India in his times.
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173. Who was the leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha ?
A
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
B
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
C
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
D
Acharya J. B. Kripalani
The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. Its success gave rise to Vallabhbhai Patel as one of the greatest leaders of the independence struggle. The background to this movement was provided in 1925 when the taluka of Bardoli in Gujarat suffered from floods and famine, causing crop production to suffer and leaving farmers facing great financial troubles. However, the Government of the Bombay Presidency had raised the tax rate by 30% that year, and despite petitions from civic groups, refused to cancel the rise in the face of the calamities.
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174. In which session of Congress the demand of “Poorna Swaraj” was accepted as the aim of the Congress ?
A
Calcutta
B
Madras
C
Nagpur
D
Lahore
The Purna Swaraj declaration, or Declaration of the Independence of India was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj, or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire. A very large number of Congress volunteers and delegates, members of other political parties and an especially large public gathering attended the session convened in Lahore. At midnight on New Year`s Eve, President Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the tri-colour flag of India upon the banks of the Ravi river in Lahore, which later became part of Pakistan.
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175. When Mahatma Gandhi was arrested who among the following took over the leadership of Salt Satyagraha ?
A
Vinoba Bhave
B
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
C
Abbas Tyabji
D
Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
Abbas Tyabji was an Indian freedom fighter from Gujarat, who once served as the Chief Justice of the (Baroda) Gujarat High Court. Mahatma Gandhi appointed Tyabji, at age seventy-six, to replace him as leader of the Salt Satyagraha in May 1930 after Gandhi’s arrest. Tyabji was arrested soon afterward and imprisoned by the British Indian Government. Gandhi and others respectfully called Tyabji the “Grand Old Man of Gujarat”
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176. The largest standing army of the Sultanate, directly paid by the State, was created by
A
Iltutmish
B
Alauddin Khalji
C
Muhammad bin Tughluq
D
Sikander Lodi
Indian Army under Delhi Sultanate was heavily influenced by the foreign invasions. It was on the basis of such military strength that Alauddin Khalji twice repelled the Mongols successfully. His military success was because of the creation of a large standing army directly recruited and paid by the state. He revoked all grants made by previous sultans, introduced price control covering almost the entire market and rationed the grain.
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177. The Sultan who described himself as The Second Alexander (Sikander -i- Sani) was
A
Balban
B
Alauddin Khilji
C
Muhammad bin Tughluq
D
Sikander Lodi
Ala-ud-din Khilji described himself as the Second Alexander on his own. He dreamt of founding a worldwide empire, which is depicted in his era`s coinage.
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178. Which one is not situated at Fatehpur Sikri ?
A
The Panch Mahal
B
Moti Masjid
C
Tomb of Salim Chishti
D
The Mariam Palace
The Moti Masjid in Agra was built by Shah Jahan. The other Moti Masjid is a large white marble mosque built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb at the Red Fort complex in Delhi, India, from 1659-1660.
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179. A renowned Jain scholar who was greatly honoured by Akbar was
A
Hemachandra
B
Harivijaya
C
Vastupala
D
Bhadrabahu
During the rule of Akbar Jainism flourished to a great extent. Delhi became a centre of the Digambara Kashtha Sangha. Akbar deeply revered the Jain dharma Acharya, Muni Padmasunder. On being invited by Akbar, most renowned Bhattarak Harivijay Suri of Tapagachcha of Gujarat came to Agra. Akbar bestowed upon Harivijay Suri with the epithet "Jagadguru".
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180. Which is the tallest of all Medieval Indian temples ?
A
Kailasa Temple at Ellora
B
Sun Temple at Konark
C
Nilakantheswara Temple at Udaipur
D
Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjor
The Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva and a brilliant example of the major heights achieved by Cholas in Tamil architecture. The vimana or (temple tower) is 216 ft (66 m) high and is among the tallest of its kind in the world. Built in 1010 AD by Raja Raja Chola I in Thanjavur, Brihadeeswarar Temple, also popularly known as the Big Temple, turned 1000 years old in 2010.
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181. Name the king who invaded Delhi and plundered the Kohinoor Diamond
A
Nadir Shah
B
Firuz Shah
C
Mohammed Shah
D
Mohammed Ghori
Nadir Shah of Iran invaded India in 1739 and sacked Agra and Delhi. Along with the Peacock Throne, he also carried off the Koh-i Noor to Persia in 1739. It was allegedly Nadir Shah who exclaimed Koh-i Noor! when he finally managed to obtain the famous stone, and this is how the stone gained its present name. There is no reference to this name before 1739.
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182. Razia Sultan, the first woman to sit on the throne of Delhi, was the daughter of Sultan
A
Mohammed Ghori
B
Mohammed of Ghazni
C
Iltutmish
D
Alauddin Khilji
In 1236 Iltutmish, on his death-bed, nominated his daughter Raziya as his heiress. But the nobles of the court were too proud to bow their heads before a woman, and disregarding the deceased Sultan`s wishes, raised to the throne his eldest surviving son, Ruknud-din Firuz.
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183. The court language of the Delhi Sultanate was
A
Urdu
B
Persian
C
Hindi
D
Arabic
During the Delhi Sultanate, the rise of Persian speaking people to the throne naturally resulted in the spread of the Persian language in India. It was the official language and soon literary works in the language began to appear. Amir Khusrav was a noted writer of the period, who was one of the first writers to write Persian literature about events concerning India.
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184. Prithvirajraso was written by
A
Bhavabhuti
B
Jaideva
C
Chand Bardai
D
Banabhatta
The Prithviraj Raso is an epic poem composed by court poet, Chand Bardai, on the life of Prithviraj III, a Chauhan king who ruled Ajmer and Delhi between 1165 and 1192. Chand Bardai claimed to be contemporary of Prithviraj Chauhan.
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185. Chand Bibi the famous Muslim ruler belonged to which kingdom?
A
Bijapur
B
Golconda
C
Ahmednagar
D
Berar
Chand Bibi, also known as Chand Khatun or Chand Sultana, was an Indian Muslim woman warrior. She acted as the Regent of Bijapur and Regent of Ahmednagar. Chand Bibi is best known for defending Ahmednagar against the Mughal forces of Emperor Akbar.
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186. The famous city of Bhopal was founded by the Rajput ruler
A
Prithviraj Chauhan
B
Dharmapala
C
Raja Bhoja
D
Jaichand
According to folklore, Bhopal is said to have been founded by the king Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty (1000–1055 CE), who ruled from his capital at Dhar. This theory states that Bhopal was originally known as Bhojpal after the king and the dam ("pal") constructed by him. No available archaeological evidence, inscriptions or historical texts support the claim about an earlier settlement founded by Bhoja at the same place, although a temple complex constructed by him exists at Bhojpur, which is located 28 km from Bhopal.
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187. To take care of the conquered lands, Mohmmad Ghori left behind his trusted General
A
Nasiruddin
B
Iltutmish
C
Qutbuddin Aibak
D
Malik Kafur
After the Second Battle of Tarain and the foundation of Muslim rule in India, Muhammad Ghori returned west to Ghazni to deal with the threat to his western frontiers from the unrest in Iran, but he appointed Qutb-ud-din Aybak as his regional governor for northern India. His armies, mostly under Turkic generals, continued to advance through northern India, raiding as far east as Bengal. Aibak ransacked Ayodhya temples in 1193, followed by his conquest of Delhi.
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188. Where is Gol Gumbaz, the largest dome in the world, situated?
A
Damascus
B
Istanbul
C
Cairo
D
Bijapur
Gol Gumbaz s the mausoleum of Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur. The tomb, located in Bijapur, Karnataka in India, was completed in 1656 by the architect Yaqut of Dabul. Although "impressively simple in design", it is the "structural triumph of Deccan architecture".
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189. The remains of the Great Vijayanagar Empire can be found in
A
Bijapur
B
Golconda
C
Hampi
D
Baroda
Hampi is located within the ruins of Vijayanagara, the former capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. Predating the city of Vijayanagara, it continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple, as well as several other monuments belonging to the old city. The ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, listed as the Group of Monuments at Hampi.
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190. Who was the founder of the city of Agra ?
A
Firoz Tughlaq
B
Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq
C
Alauddin Khilji
D
Sikandar Lodi
It is generally accepted that Sultan Sikandar Lodi, the Ruler of the Delhi Sultanate founded Agra in the year 1504. He moved his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1506. After the Sultan`s death the city passed on to his son Sultan Ibrahim Lodi who remained in power there for nine more years, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526.
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191. The Sufi saint who maintained that devotional music was one way of moving closer to God was
A
Muin-ud-din-Chisti
B
Baba Farid
C
Saiyid Muhammed
D
Shah Alam Bukhari
Farid-ud din Mas ud (1175-1265 AD), better known as Sheikh Farid, or Baba Farid, is one of the most revered and distinguished of medieval Sufi Mystics. He found music as a way of reaching God. Baba Farid’s mystic songs were intended to break the strain of his emotions, to quicken his emotional response, and to attune his heart to the infinite and the eternal. Sometimes he would himself recite couplets and supply fuel to his burning emotions.
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192. The second Battle of Panipat was fought between
A
Akbar and Hemu
B
Rajputs and Mughals
C
Babur and Ibrahim Lodi
D
Sikander and Adilshah
The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces of Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, popularly called Hemu, the Hindu king who was ruling North India from Delhi, and the army of Akbar, on November 5, 1556. It was a decisive victory for Akbar`s generals Khan Zaman I and Bairam Khan.
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193. Krishnadevaraya main-tained friendly relations with the
A
French
B
British
C
Portuguese
D
Dutch
Krishna Deva Raya established friendly relations with the Portuguese, who set up the Portuguese Dominion of India in Goa in 1510. The Emperor obtained guns and Arabian horses from the Portuguese merchants. He also utilized Portuguese expertise in improving water supply to Vijayanagara City
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194. The guerilla warfare was pioneered by
A
Aurangzeb
B
Akbar
C
Shivaji
D
Balaji Rao
One of the earliest examples of guerrilla warfare, is Shivaji, the Maratha king. He fought several battles in which he used guerrilla tactics to overcome superior forces. He innovated rules of military engagement, pioneering the "Shiva sutra" or ganimi kava (guerrilla tactics), which leveraged strategic factors like geography, speed, surprise and focused pinpoint attacks to defeat his larger and more powerful enemies.
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195. The city of Dhillika (Delhi) was founded by
A
Chauhans
B
Tomars
C
Pawars
D
Pratiharas
Dhilika is the ancient name for the city of Delhi. It was believed to be the capital of Pandavas and later Dhilli was founded by Tomars in AD 736.
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196. Under the administration of Shivaji, “Peshwa” was referred to as
A
Minister of Religious Affairs
B
Minister of Justice
C
Minister of Defence
D
Chief Minister
A Peshwa is the titular equivalent of a modern Prime Minister. Emperor Shivaji created the Peshwa designation in order to more effectively delegate administrative duties during the growth of the Maratha Empire.
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197. The capital of the Bahamani Kings was
A
Gulbarga
B
Bijapur
C
Belgaum
D
Raichur
The city of Gulbarga was founded by the Bahmani Sultans in the 14th century as their capital. It remained the capital of the Bahamani Saltanate from 1347 to 1425 when Bidar was made the capital. Bidar continued as the capital till 1527.
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198. “Din-i-Ilahi” was the new religion started by
A
Humayun
B
Jahangir
C
Akbar
D
Shahjahan
Din-i-Ilahi was a syncretic religious doctrine propounded by the emperor Jalalu d-Din Muhammad Akbar in year 1582 A.D., who ruled the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1605, intending to merge the best elements of the religions of his empire, and thereby reconcile the differences that divided his subjects. The elements were primarily drawn from Islam and Hinduism, but some others were also taken from Christianity, Jainism and Zoroastrianism.
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199. Name the river on the banks of which the city of Vijayanagar is located.
A
Kaveri
B
Krishna
C
Wainganga
D
Tungabhadra
Most of the city lies on the south bank of the Tungabhadra River. The city was built around the original religious centre of the Virupaksha temple at Hampi.
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200. Who issued a token currency in copper coins between AD 1329 and 1330?
A
Alauddin Khilzi
B
Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq
C
Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
D
Feroz Tughlaq
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq introduced beautiful and various types of coins during his reign and fixed up their relative values. . The remarkable feature of the coinage system was the introduction of token currency and issue of copper and brass coins. The Sultan made these token coins legal tenders and kept their value at par with gold and silver coins. He launched the coins without taking any precaution against forgery.
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201. Who built the Gol Gumbaj at Bijapur, famous for the world`s second largest dome and the whispering gallery?
A
Mahmud Gawan
B
Yusuf Adil Shah
C
Ismail Adil Shah
D
Muhammad Adil Shah
Gol Gumbaz is the mausoleum of Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur. The tomb, located in Bijapur, Karnataka in India, was completed in 1656 by the architect Yaqut of Dabul. With an area of 1,700 square meters, the mausoleum has one of the biggest single chamber spaces in the world.
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202. Where is the Bada Imambara located?
A
Agra
B
Lucknow
C
Patna
D
Allahabad
Bara Imambara is an imambara complex in Lucknow, India, built by Asaf-ud-Daulah, Nawab of Lucknow, in 1784. It is also called the Asafi Imambara. Bara means big, and an imambara is a shrine built by Shia Muslims for the purpose of Azadari
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203. Who among the following was the last Mughal emperor?
A
Alamgir II
B
Shah Alam II
C
Bahadur Shah II
D
Akbar II
Bahadur Shah II was the last Mughal emperor. Due to his participation in the 1857 Revolt, he was exiled to Rangoon, Burma in 1858. His departure as Emperor marked the end of more than three centuries of Mughal rule in India. He died in exile on 7 November, 1862 in Rangoon.
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204. Shivaji ceded the forts to the Mughals by the treaty of—
A
Chittor
B
Pune
C
Purandar
D
Torna
The Treaty of Purandar was signed on June 11, 1665, between the Rajput ruler Jai Singh-I, who was commander of the Mughal Empire, and Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. According to this treaty, Shivaji kept twelve forts, along with an area worth an income of one lakh hun, while rest of his forts were ceded to the Mughals. Along with these requirements, Shivaji agreed to visit Agra to meet Aurangzeb for further political talks.
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205. The first muslim women who ruled Northern India was
A
Razia Sultana
B
Mumtaz
C
Nurjahan
D
None of the above
Razia Sultana was the Sultana of Delhi in India from 1236 to May 1240. She succeeded her father Shams-ud-din Iltutmish to the Sultanate of Delhi in 1236. Iltutmish became the first sultan to appoint a woman as his successor when he designated his daughter Razia as his heir apparent. Razia was the first and last women ruler of Delhi Sultanate.
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206. The famous Bhakti Saint who belonged to the royal family of Mewar was
A
Chaitanya
B
Andal
C
Meerabai
D
Ramabai
Meerabai was an aristocratic Hindu mystical singer and devotee of Lord Krishna from Rajasthan and one of the most significant figures of the Sant tradition of the Vaishnava bhakti movement. Some 1,200– 1,300 prayerful songs or bhajans attributed to her are popular throughout India and have been published in several translations worldwide
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207. The Battle of Haldighati was fought between
A
Akbar and Rana Sangram Singh
B
Akbar and Medini Rai
C
Akbar and Rana Pratap Singh
D
Akbar and Uday Singh
The Battle of Haldighati was fought between the Mughal Empire and the forces of Mewar on June 21, 1576 at Haldighati. Remembered as the most important event in Rajput history, the battle of Haldighati was an “Indecisive Battle”. It was fought between Akbar (Ruler of Mughals) and Maharana Pratap Singh I (Ruler of Rajputs). It was a short-span battle that lasted for only 4 hours. Abdul Qadir Badayuni was present at the Battle of Haldighati.
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208. Who translated Ramayana into Persian ?
A
Abul Fazl
B
Badauni
C
Abdul Latif
D
Isar Das
Mullah Abd-ul-Qadir Bada`uni was an Indo-Persian historian and translator living during the Mughal period in India. Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar appointed him to the religious office in the royal courts in 1574 where he spent much of his career. He translated the Hindu works, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The most notable work of Bada`uni is Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh (Selection of Chronicles) or Tarikh-i-Bada`uni (Bada`uni`s History) which is a general History of the Muslims of India
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209. The Muslim adventurer who destroyed the Nalanda University was
A
Alla-ud-din Khilji
B
Muhammad-bin-Tughlak
C
Muhammad-bin-Bhaktiyar
D
Muhammad-bin-Quasim
Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji was a Turkic military general of Qutb-ud-din Aybak. It is alleged by some writers that he was responsible for the destruction of Nalanda, which was an ancient Buddhist University in Bihar, India, nearby to the stronghold of Bihar. The main Persian source for this explains Khalji attacked the fortress unaware that it was a University.
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210. After the death of Rajaram in 1700 A.D., Marathas continued the war against the Mughals under his brave wife
A
Tarabai
B
Lakshmibai
C
Ramabai
D
Jijabai
Tarabai was skilled in cavalry movement, and made strategic movements herself during wars. She personally led the war and continued the insurgency against the Mughals. A truce was offered to the Mughals in such way that it was promptly rejected by the Mughal emperor, and Tarabai continued the Maratha resistance.
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211. The Upanishads were translated by Dara Shikoh in Persian under the title of
A
Mayma-ul-Bahrain
B
Sirr-i-Akbar
C
Al-Fihrist
D
Kitabul Bayan
Dara Shikoh, Emperor Shah Jahan`s son and brother of Aurangzeb, tranlsated the Upanishads into Persian, with the help of several pundits of Banaras. His translation of the Upanishads is appropriately called Sirr-i-Akbar, The Greatest Secret. Before Sirr-i-Akbar he had written several other books, the most famous of which is Majma ul-Bahrain The Mingling of Two Oceans, an independent work devoted to discovering the affinities between Vedantic and Sufi perceptions of the Ultimate Truth.
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212. The first Indian Hindi Scholar of the Mughal period was
A
Malik Muhammed Jayasi
B
Abdur Rahim
C
Mulla Wajhi
D
Chand Barda
Malik Muhammad Jayasi was an Indian poet who wrote in the Avadhi dialect of Hindi. His most famous work is Padmavat (1540), a poem describing the story of the historic siege of Chittor by Alauddin Khilji in AD 1303, who attacked Chittor after hearing of the beauty of Queen Rani Padmini, the wife of King Rawal Ratan Singh. His other important works are Akhrawat and Akhiri Kalaam.
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213. The Lodi dynasty was founded by
A
Ibrahim Lodi
B
Sikandar Lodi
C
Bahlol Lodi
D
Khizr Khan
Lodi Dynasty was a Pashtun dynasty that was the last dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate. The dynasty founded by Bahlul Lodi ruled from 1451 to 1526. The last ruler of this dynasty, Ibrahim Lodi was defeated and killed by Babur in the first Battle of Panipat on April 20, 1526.
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214. The Khilji Sultans of Delhi were
A
Mongols
B
Afghans
C
Turks
D
A Jat tribe
The Khilji dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Turkic Khalaj origin. The Khiljis ruled large parts of South Asia between 1290 and 1320. They were the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate of India. Led by their ruler, Ala-ud-din Khilji, they are noted for having repeatedly defended India against the Mongol invasions of India.
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215. The medieval city of Vijayanagar is now known as
A
Chandragiri
B
Halebidu
C
Hampi
D
Kondavidu
Vijayanagara is in Bellary District, northern Karnataka. It is the name of the now-ruined capital city that surrounds modern-day Hampi, of the historic Vijayanagara empire which extended over the southern part of India. The name translates as City of Victory, from vijaya (victory) and nagara (city). As the prosperous capital of the largest and most powerful kingdom of its time in all of India, Vijayanagara attracted people from all around the world.
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216. The famous Kohinoor diamond was produced from one of the mines in
A
Orissa
B
Chhota Nagpur
C
Bijapur
D
Golconda
The Koh-i-Noor, meaning “Mountain of Light” in Persian language, also spelled Koh-i-noor, Kuh-e Nur or Koh-i-Nur, is a 105.6 metric carats diamond, weighing 21.6 grammes in the most recent cut state, and once the largest known diamond. The Koh-i Nur is believed by some to have originated in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India together with its double, the Darya-ye Noor (the “Sea of Light”). The diamond came from the Kollur mines, near the village Kollur in the present-day Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh in India
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217. Who was the Guru of Shivaji ?
A
Namdev
B
Ramdas
C
Eknath
D
Tukaram
Samarth Ramdas was a prominent Marathi saint and religious poet in the Hindu tradition in Maharashtra, India. Samarth Ramdas was a devotee of Lord Hanuman and Lord Rama. His birth name was Narayan Suryajipant Kulkarni Thosar. Ramdas was the political strategist and spiritual guru of Shivaji. It is said that Shivaji Maharaj requested Shri Ramdas swami to move his residence to a fort named Parali & establish his permanent monastery there. The fort was subsequently renamed Sajjangad - Fort of the sacred.
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218. Goa was captured by the Portuguese in the year—
A
1508
B
1608
C
1510
D
1610
The Portuguese State of India was established in 1505 as a viceroyalty of the Kingdom of Portugal, six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and India, to serve as the plenipotentiary governing body of a string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies overseas. In the year 1509, Alfonso de Albuquerque was appointed the second governor of the Portuguese possessions in the East. In 1510, Alfonso de Albuquerque defeated the Bijapur sultans with the help of Timayya, on behalf of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire, leading to the establishment of a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa).
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219. The foreign traveller who visited India during the Mughal period and who left us an expert`s description of the Peacock Throne, was
A
Geronimo Verroneo
B
Omrah Danishmand Kha
C
Travernier
D
Austin of Bordeaux
Tavernier gives a detailed and vivid description of the “Peacock Throne” in his book Le Six Voyages de J. B. Tavernier- The Six Voyages of J. B. Tavernier. It was during Tavernier`s sixth voyage to India, which he undertook between 1663 and 1668, he had the privilege of visiting the court of the great Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, at Jahanabad, at the invitation of the Emperor himself. The main purpose of Tavernier`s invitation to the Emperor`s court, was for the Emperor to inspect whatever jewels Tavernier had brought from the west, with a view of purchasing them. The description of the throne appears in Chapter VIII of Volume II of his book, which concerns about preparations for the Emperor`s annual birthday festival, during which he is solemnly weighed every year, and also about the splendor of his thrones and the magnificence of his court. Tavernier`s account of the Peacock Throne is the most comprehensive account of the throne available to modern historians.
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220. The battle that led to the foundation of Muslim power in India was
A
The first battle of Tarain
B
The second battle of Tarain
C
The first battle of Panipat
D
The second battle of Panipat
The Battles of Tarain, also known as the Battles of Taraori, were fought in 1191 and 1192 near the town of Tarain, near Thanesar in present-day Haryana, between the Muslim Ghurid army led by Sultan Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghauri and the Hindu Rajput army led by Prithviraj Chauhan. Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated in the Second Battle of Tarain which led the foundation of the Sultanate of Delhi. Delhi remained under Muslim rule for over six centuries till 1857.
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221. Who was the architect who designed Taj Mahal ?
A
Mohammad Hussain
B
Ustad-Isa
C
Shah Abbas
D
Ismail
Isa Muhammad Effendi or Ustad Isa was a Persian architect from Iran he and his colleague Ismail Effendi entered the service of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan after the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV and the Mughals exchanged ambassadors. Isa Muhammad Effendi is often described as the chief architect of the Taj Mahal. Recent research suggests the Persian architect, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri was the most likely candidate as the chief architect of the Taj, an assertion based on a claim made in writings by Lahauri’s son Lutfullah Muhandis.
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222. Which Sufi`s dargah is at Ajmer?
A
Baba Farid
B
Qutb-din Bakhtiyar Kaki
C
Moinuddin Chisti
D
Khwaja Bahuddin
Moinuddin Chishti, also known as Gharib Nawaz “Benefactor of the Poor” was the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of the Indian Subcontinent who introduced and established the order in South Asia. Dargah Sharif or Ajmer Sharif is a sufi shrine of sufi saint, Moinuddin Chishti located at Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. The shrine has the grave (Maqbara) of the revered saint, Moinuddin Chisti. It is said that the brass candlesticks taken from the Kalika temple after its destruction were given to the Dargah Sharif shrine of Moinuddin Chishti is in Ajmer, a shrine that Akbar vowed to rebuild after his victory.
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223. The writer of Ram Charit Manas, Tulsidas, was related to which ruler ?
A
Chandragupta Maurya
B
Nawab Vajid Ali Sah
C
Harsha
D
Akbar
Akbar and Tulsidas were contemporary. It was because of the close friendship between the two that Akbar ordered a firman that followers of Rama, Hanuman & other Hindus, should not be harassed in his kingdom. Abdur Rahim Khankhana, famous Muslim poet who was one of the Navaratnas (nine-gems) in the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar, was a personal friend of Tulsidas. The historian Vincent Smith, the author of a biography of Tulsida`s contemporary Akbar, called Tulsidas as the greatest man of his age in India and greater than even Akbar himself.
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224. Which of the following languages was in vogue during Mughal period in the courts of India ?
A
French
B
Persian
C
Portugese
D
Arabic
Although early Mughals spoke the Chagatai language and maintained some Turko-Mongol practices, they became essentially Persianized and transferred the Persian literary and high culture to India, thus forming the base for the Indo-Persian culture. Persian language became the lingua franca of the court and empire.
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225. Where did the traveller Ibn Batuta come from ?
A
Morocco
B
Persia
C
Turkey
D
Central Asia
Ibn Batuta was a Berber Muslim Moroccan explorer, known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla (“Journey”). Over a period of thirty years, he visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands; his journeys including trips to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, and to the Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance surpassing threefold his near-contemporary Marco Polo. Ibn Batuta is considered one of the greatest travellers of all time.
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226. The Dilwara temple at Mount Abu in Rajasthan were built by the followers of
A
Buddhism
B
Jainism
C
Hinduism
D
Sikhism
The Jain Dilwara temples of India are located about 2½ kilometers from Mount Abu, Rajasthan`s only hill station. These temples built by Chalukya between the 11th and 13th centuries AD are world famous for their stunning use of marble. The five legendary marble temples of Dilwara are a sacred pilgrimage place of the Jains. Some consider them to be one of the most beautiful Jain pilgrimage sites in the world
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227. Which is the correct chronolo-gical order of following Acharyas?
A
S h an k a r a – R a m a n u j a – Madhav–Chaitanya
B
Chaitanya–Ramanuj a– Madhav–Shankara
C
Ramanjua–Shankara–Chaitanya–Madhav
D
Madhav–Chaitanya–Ramanuja–Shankara
Shankara (9th century)– Ramanuja (AD 1017-1137) Madhavacharya (AD 1238-1317)– Chaitanya (AD 1486- 1533) Adi Shankara was a 9th century reformer of Hinduism who is honored as Jagadguru, a title that was used earlier only to Lord Krishna. Ramanuja (traditionally 1017–1137) was a theologian, philosopher, and scriptural exegete. He is seen by Hindus in general as the leading expounder of Vishishtadvaita, one of the classical interpretations of the dominant Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy. Madhavacharya (1238– 1317), also known as Purna Prajna and Ananda Tirtha, was the chief proponent of Tattvavada “Philosophy of Reality”, popularly known as the Dvaita (dualism) school of Hindu philosophy. It is one of the three most influential Vedanta philosophies. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (AD 1486-1533) was a Vaishnava saint and social reformer in eastern India in the 16th century, worshipped by followers of Gaudiya Vaishnavism as the full incarnation of Lord Krishna
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228. Where is Muslim mosque situated where a hair of pagamber Mohammad Saheb has been preserved ?
A
Ajmer
B
Ahmedabad
C
Srinagar
D
Mecca
The Hazratbal Shrine is a Muslim shrine in Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India. It contains a relic believed by many Muslims of Kashmir to be a hair of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The name of the shrine comes from the Arabic word Hazrat, meaning holy or majestic, and the Kashmiri word bal, (bal is a corrupted form of Sanskrit Vala which means an enclosure) meaning place
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229. Ashoka called the Third Buddhist Council at
A
Pataliputra
B
Magadha
C
Kalinga
D
Sarnath
The Third Buddhist council was convened in about 250 BCE at Asokarama in Pataliputra, supposedly under the patronage of Emperor Asoka. The traditional reason for convening the Third Buddhist Council is reported to have been to rid the Sangha of corruption and bogus monks who held heretical views. It was presided over by the Elder Moggaliputta Tissa and one thousand monks participated in the Council.
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230. Who was the first known Gupta ruler ?
A
Sri Gupta
B
Chandragupta I
C
Ghatotkacha
D
Kumaragupta I
Sri Gupta (240–280) was a pre-imperial Gupta king in northern India and start of the Gupta dynasty. The first evidence of Sri Gupta comes from the writings of I-tsing around 690 CE who describes that the Poona copper inscription of Prabhavati Gupta, a daughter of Chandra Gupta, describes “Maharaja Sri-Gupta” as the founder of the Gupta dynasty
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231. Prince Ellara conquered Sri Lanka in the second century BC. With which of the following dynasties of Dravida ruler was he associated ?
A
Chera
B
Chola
C
Pandya
D
Pallava
After the Kannauj Assembly was concluded, Hiuen-Tsang was making preparations to go to his home, but Harsha invited him to attend another Assembly at Prayag which he used to hold after ever five years on the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna. Five such assemblies had already taken place and this was the sixth Assembly in which Hiuen-Tsang was invited. This ceremony was attended by the kings of eighteen kingdoms and about 5, 00,000 people including Sramanas. Hercetics, Nigranthas, the poor, the orphans etc, attended this assembly. The Prayag Assembly is a glorious example of the generosity of Harshavardhana as he gave all his personal wealth and belongings in charity during the assembly.
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232. Upto where did Chandragupta Maurya`s empire extend in the north-west ?
A
Beas river
B
Ravi river
C
Satluj river
D
Hindukush range
Prior to Chandragupta`s consolidation of power, small regional kingdoms dominated the northwestern subcontinent, while the Nanda Dynasty dominated the middle and lower basin of the Ganges. After Chandragupta`s conquests, the Maurya Empire extended from Bengal and Assam in the east, to Afghanistan and Balochistan, some part of the eastern and southeast Iran in the west, to Kashmir and Nepal in the north, and to the Deccan Plateau in the south. The vast empire extended from the Bay of Bengal in the east, to the Indus River in the west.
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233. Which dynasty succeeded the Chalukyas in the Western India?
A
Cholas
B
Kakatiyas
C
Pallavas
D
Rashtrakutas
The Chalukya dynasty was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. The earliest dynasty, known as the “Badami Chalukyas”, ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakesin II. After the death of Pulakesin II, the Eastern Chalukyas became an independent kingdom in the eastern Deccan. They ruled from Vengi until about the 11th century. In the western Deccan, the rise of the Rashtrakutas in the middle of the 8th century eclipsed the Chalukyas of Badami before being revived by their descendants, the Western Chalukyas, in the late 10th century.
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234. Which was the only Indus site with an artificial brick dockyard?
A
Lothal
B
Kalibangan
C
Harappa
D
Mohenjo Daro
Lothal was one of the most prominent cities of the ancient Indus valley civilization. Located in Bhal region of the modern state of Gujarat and dating from 2400 BCE, it was discovered in 1954. Lothal was excavated from February 13, 1955 to May 19, 1960 by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Lothal`s dock—the world’s earliest known, connected the city to an ancient course of the Sabarmati river on the trade route between Harappan cities in Sindh and the peninsula of Saurashtra when the surrounding Kutch desert of today was a part of the Arabian Sea.It was a vital and thriving trade centre in ancient times, with its trade of beads, gems and valuable orname
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235. In the third Carnatic war, the British East India Company defeated which of the following forces at the Battle of Wandiwash?
A
Chinese
B
French
C
Portuguese
D
Dutch
The French, under Count de Lally, captured Fort St. George and attacked the English to acquire Madras. But he was defeated by English forces under Sir Eyre Coote in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.
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236. Who is hailed as the “God of Medicine” by the practitioners of Ayurveda ?
A
Susruta
B
Chyavana
C
Dhanwantari
D
Charaka
Dhanvantri is an Avatar of Vishnu from the Hindu tradition. He appears in the Vedas and Puranas as the physician of the gods (devas), and the god of Ayurvedic medicine. It is common practice in Hinduism for worshipers to pray to Dhanvantri seeking his blessings for sound health for themselves and/or others. Dhanvantri is depicted as Vishnu with four hands, holding medical herbs in one hand and a pot containing rejuvenating nectar called amrita in another. The Puranas state that Dhanvantri emerged from the Ocean of Milk and appeared with the pot of nectar during the story of the Samudra or Sagar manthan whilst the ocean was being churned by the devas and asuras, using the Mandara mountain and the serpent Vasuki.
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237. The Rathas of Mahabalipuram was built during the reign of the
A
Palas
B
Cholas
C
Rashtrakutas
D
Pallavas
The city of Mahabalipuram was largely developed by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I in the 7th century AD. The mandapa or pavilions and the rathas or shrines shaped as temple chariots are hewn from the granite rock face, while the famed Shore Temple, erected half a century later, is built from dressed stone. The Pancha Rathas shrines were carved during the reign of King Mahendravarman I and his son Narasimhavarman I. The purpose of their construction is not known, structures are not completed.
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238. Nalanda University was a great centre of learning, especially in
A
Buddhism
B
Jainism
C
Vaishnavism
D
Tantra
Nalanda was an ancient centre of higher learning in Bihar, India. It was a Buddhist centre of learning from the fifth or sixth century CE to 1197 CE. Nalanda flourished between the reign of the Sakraditya (whose identity is uncertain and who might have been either Kumara Gupta-I or Kumara Gupta-II) and 1197 CE, supported by patronage from the Hindu Gupta rulers as well as Buddhist emperors like Harsha and later emperors from the Pala Empire.
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239. With whom is Junagarh Rock Inscription associated ?
A
Rudradaman
B
Bimbisara
C
Chandragupta II
D
Gautamiputra Satakarni
The Junagadh rock inscription, found in Junagadh, was carved under the orders of King Rudradaman, who had obtained the title of Mahakshatrapa. He was the grandson of the famous Mahakshatrapa Chastana and was a Saka ruler from the Western Kshatrapa dynasty. The inscription is a chronicle about the rebuilding of a dam named Urjayat around the lake Sudarshana. The dam lay in the region of Saurashtra and the closest town appears to have been a place called Girinagar. It was fed by the rivers Suvarnasikata and Palasini, along with other smaller streams. The dam was originally built by Vaishya Pushyagupta who was the governor of the region under Chandragupta Maurya. Conduits from the dam were later built under orders of his grandson; Emperor Asoka
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240. How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians ?
A
Malayamandalam
B
Yavadwipa
C
Suvarnabhumi
D
Suvarnadwipa
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the “Golden Land” or “Land of Gold”, coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asian region across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean; Lower Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the “Golden Peninsula/Island”. Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia, but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula or city
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241. The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of
A
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B
Stones, trees and animals
C
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D
Siva and Sakti
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in some form of animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess, due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that were found. It follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a proto-type of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, lord Shiv. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of the remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God) has been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today. It can therefore be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
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242. The Ajivikas were a
A
sect contemporary to the Buddha
B
breakaway branch of the Buddhists
C
sect founded by Charvaka
D
sect founded by Shankaracharya
Ajivika (“living” in Sanskrit) was a system of ancient Indian philosophy and an ascetic movement of the Mahajanapada period in the Indian subcontinent. Ajivika was primarily a heterodox Hindu (Nastika) or atheistic system. The Ajivikas may simply have been a more loosely-organized group of wandering ascetics (shramanas or sannyasins). One of their prominent leaders was Makkhali Gosal. Ajivikas are is thought to be contemporaneous to other early Hindu nastika philosophical schools of thought, such as Charvaka, Jainism and Buddhism, and may have preceded the latter two systems.
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243. The title Indian Napolean has been attached to
A
Chandra Gupta Maurya
B
Samudragupta
C
Chandragupta-I
D
Harshavardhana
Samudragupta (335-375 AD) of the Gupta dynasty is known as the Napoleon of India. Historian A V Smith called him so because of his great military conquests known from the Prayag Prashati written by his courtier and poet Harisena, who also describes him as the hero of a hundred battles. But some leading Indian historians criticise Smith and feel that Samudragupta was a far greater warrior than Napoleon, as the former never lost any battle.
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244. The Harappan Civilisation was discovered in the year :
A
1935
B
1942
C
1901
D
1922
In 1872–75 Alexander Cunningham published the first Harappan seal (with an erroneous identification as Brahmi letters). It was half a century later, in 1912, that more Harappan seals were discovered by J. Fleet, prompting an excavation campaign under Sir John Hubert Marshall in 1921–22 and resulting in the discovery of the civilization at Harappa by Sir John Marshall, Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni and Madho Sarup Vats, and at Mohenjo-daro by Rakhal Das Banerjee, E. J. H. MacKay, and Sir John Marshall.
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245. Where has the world`s largest monolithic statue of Buddha been installed ?
A
Bamiyan
B
Hyderabad
C
Kandy
D
Lhasa
The Buddhas of Bamiyan were two 6th century monumental statues of standing buddha carved into the side of a cliff in the Bamyan valley in the Hazarajat region of central Afghanistan. They were dynamited and destroyed in March 2001 by the Taliban, on orders from leader Mullah Mohammed Omar, after the Taliban government declared that they were idols. On 8 September 2008 archeologists searching for a legendary 300-metre statue at the site of the already dynamited Buddhas announced the discovery of an unknown 19-metre (62-foot) reclining Buddha, a pose representing Buddha`s passage into nirvana
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246. Which among the following MATH is related with Buddhism?
A
Dakhma
B
Chaitya
C
Khangah
D
Angeri
A chaitya is a Buddhist or Jain shrine including a stupa. In modern texts on Indian architecture, the term chaitya-griha is often used to denote assembly or prayer hall that houses a stupa. Chaityas were probably constructed to hold large numbers of devotees and to provide shelter for them.
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247. Which among the following has not been found in the excavation of Harappan sites ?
A
Drains and well
B
Fort
C
Reservoirs
D
Temple with Shikhar
Sikhara, a Sanskrit word translating literally to “mountain peak”, refers to the rising tower in the Hindu temple architecture of North India. Sikhara over the sanctum sanctorum where the presiding deity is enshrined is the most prominent and visible part of a Hindu temple of North India. Sikhara was a major feature of the medieval times.
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248. Epigraphy means
A
The study of coins
B
The study of inscriptions
C
The study of epics
D
The study of geography
Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions on rocks, pillars, temple walls, copper plates and other writing material. It is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers. It serves as primary documentary evidence to establish legal, socio-cultural, literary, archaeological, and historical antiquity on the basis of engravings.
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249. The famous rock-cut temple of Kailasa is at
A
Ajanta
B
Badami
C
Mahabalipuram
D
Ellora
Kailashnath Temple is a famous temple, one of the 34 monasteries and temples, extending over more than 2 km, that were dug side by side in the wall of a high basalt cliff in the complex located at Ellora, Maharashtra, India. Of these 34 monasteries and temples, the Kailasa (cave 16) is a remarkable example of Dravidian architecture on account of its striking proportion; elaborate workmanship architectural content and sculptural ornamentation of rock-cut architecture. It is designed to recall Mount Kailash, the abode of Lord Shiva. It is a megalith carved out of one single rock. It was built in the 8th century by the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I.
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250. The earliest city discovered in India was
A
Harappa
B
Punjab
C
Mohenjo Daro
D
Sindh
The ruins of Harrappa were first described in 1842 by Charles Masson in his Narrative of Various Journeys in Balochistan, Afghanistan, and the Punjab, where locals talked of an ancient city extending “thirteen cosses” (about 25 miles), but no archaeological interest would attach to this for nearly a century. In 1856, General Alexander Cunningham, later director general of the archeological survey of northern India, visited Harappa where the British engineers John and William Brunton were laying the East Indian Railway Company line connecting the cities of Karachi and Lahore. In 1872–75 Alexander Cunningham published the first Harappan seal (with an erroneous identification as Brahmi letters). It was half a century later, in 1912, that more Harappan seals were discovered by J. Fleet, prompting an excavation campaign under Sir John Hubert Marshall in 1921–22 and resulting in the discovery of the civilization at Harappa by Sir John Marshall, Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni and Madho Sarup Vats, and at Mohenjo-daro by Rakhal Das Banerjee, E. J. H. MacKay, and Sir John Marshall
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251. The words “Satyameva Jayate” in the State Emblem of India were taken from
A
Upanishads
B
Sama Veda
C
Rig Veda
D
Ramayana
“Satyameva Jayate” (Truth Alone Triumphs) is a mantra from the ancient Indian scripture Mundaka Upanishad. Upon independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India. It is inscribed in Devanagari script at the base of the national emblem. The emblem and words Satyameva Jayate are inscribed on one side of all Indian currency. The emblem is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Asoka which was erected around 250 BC at Sarnath, near Varanasi in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
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252. Mohammed-bin-Qasim conquered Sind in the year
A
712 A.D.
B
812 A.D.
C
912 A.D.
D
1012 A.D.
The Arab conquest of Sindh by Muhammad Bin Qasim in 712 AD gave the Muslims a firm foothold on the sub-continent. Qasim`s conquest of Sindh and Punjab laid the foundations of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. The description of Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese historian, leaves no doubt that the social and economic restrictions inherent in the caste differentiations of Hindu society had however, gradually sapped the inner vitality of the social system and Sindh fell without much resistance before the Muslim armies.
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253. Which of the following Craftsmanship was not practised by the Aryans ?
A
Pottery
B
Jewellery
C
Carpentry
D
Blacksmith
Iron was a metal unknown to the Aryans during the early Vedic age. The advent of iron is generally associated with the late or post-Vedic ages. So blacksmith did not exist during this period.
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254. The subject-matter of Ajanta Paintings pertains to
A
Jainism
B
Buddhism
C
Vaishnavism
D
Shaivism
The Ajanta Caves are the treasure house of delicate paintings that portray scenes from Jataka tales and from the life of Lord Buddha. Celebrated for its archaic wonder and laced with the series of carved artistry, Ajanta Cave paintings echo the quality of Indian creativity in perhaps the subtlest way. In the Ajanta wall-paintings, there is a profound modification from the art of early Buddhism. The Ajanta paintings stresses on religious romanticism with lyric quality, a reflection of the view that every aspect of life has an equal value in the spiritual sense and as an aspect of the divine.
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255. Who amongst the following also had the name ‘Devanama Piyadassi’?
A
Mauryan King Ashoka
B
Mauryan King Chandra-gupta Maurya
C
Gautam Buddha
D
Bhagwan Mahavira
The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 269 BCE to 231 BCE. These inscriptions are dispersed throughout the areas of modern-day Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan and represent the first tangible evidence of Buddhism. In these inscriptions, Ashoka refers to himself as “Beloved of the Gods” and “King Priya-darshi.” The identification of King Priya-darshi with Ashoka was confirmed by an inscription discovered in 1915 by C. Beadon at Maski, the village in Raichur district of Karnataka. Another minor rock edict is found at the village Gujarra in Datia district of Madhya Pradesh. This also shows the Name “Asoka” in addition to usual “Devanam Piyadasi”.
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256. Who among the following were contemporaries of Kanishka ?
A
Kamban, Banabhatta, Asvagosha
B
Nagarjuna, Asvagosha, Vasumitra
C
Asvagosha, Kalidasa, Banabhatta
D
Kalidasa, Kamban, Va-sumitra
The eminent Buddhist writers Nagarjuna, Asvaghosha, Parsva and Vasumitra flourished at the court of Kanishka. Nagarjuna was the great exponent of Mahayana doctrine and Asvaghosha, a multifaceted personality, was known as a poet, musician, scholar and zealous Buddhist monk. Charaka, the most celebrated authority on Ayurveda was the court physician of Kanishka and Mathara, a politician of rare merit, was his minister. Vasumitra presided over the fourth Buddhist Council
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257. Who, according to the Buddhists, is believed to be the next incarnation of Gautam Buddha ?
A
Atreya
B
Maitreya
C
Nagarjuna
D
Kalki
Maitreya is foretold as a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology. In some Buddhist literature, such as the Amitabha Sutra and the Lotus Sutra, he or she is referred to as Ajita Bodhisattva. Maitreya is a bodhisattva who in the Buddhist tradition is to appear on Earth, achieve complete enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma. According to scriptures, Maitreya will be a successor of the historic Sakyamuni Buddha
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258. Out of the following remains excavated in Indus Valley, which one indicates the commercial and economic development ?
A
The Pottery
B
Seals
C
The boats
D
The houses
The seals of the Indus Valley Civilization have been one of the major sources for information about the period. Apart from giving plethora of informations about the social and religious life of the period, they give insight into the economic activities. The economy of the Indus civilization was based on a highly organized agriculture, supplemented by an active commerce, probably connected to that of the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia. Trade amongst the civilizations is suggested by the finding of hundreds of small seals, supposedly produced by the Indus peoples, at the excavation sites of ancient Mesopotamian cities that were existent around the same time. Some of the seals mention the rulers of different countries
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259. Ganhadra school of art came into existence in
A
Hinayana sect
B
Mahayana sect
C
Vaishnava sect
D
Shaiva sect
The Gandhara school of art is mainly related to Mahayana Buddhism which encouraged image worship. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara sculptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buddha and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures there is a tendency to mould the human body in a realistic manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic. Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
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260. The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by
A
Kanishka
B
Asoka
C
Chandragupta
D
Vikramaditya
The date of Kanishka`s accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the Shakas and used in addition to the Gregorian calendar by the present-day Indian government.
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261. Who established Mahabalipuram?
A
Pallava
B
Pandya
C
Chola
D
Chalukya
Mahabalipuram, derived from Mamallapuram is the prior and colloquial name of a town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, now officially called Mamallapuram. Mahabalipuram was a 7th century port city of the South Indian dynasty of the Pallavas near the city of Chennai in Tamil Nadu. The name Mamallapuram is believed to have been given after the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I, who took on the epithet Maha-malla (great wrestler), as the favourite sport of the Pallavas was wrestling. It has various historic monuments built largely between the 7th and the 9th centuries, and has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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262. Who among the following leaders was the political mentor of Gandhiji?
A
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
B
Rajendra Prasad
C
Lala Lajpat Rai
D
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Gopal Krishna Gokhale is considered as the political guru of Mahatma Gandhi. After Mahatama Gandhi`s return from South Africa, he was personally guided by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. He had enormous knowledge and understanding of India and the issues confronting common Indians.
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263. When did the Swadeshi Movement start?
A
1915
B
1920
C
1983
D
1905
The Swadeshi Movement, now known as Make in India campaign was officially proclaimed on August 7, 1905 at the Calcutta Town Hall, in Bengal. Boycott movement was also launched along with the Swadeshi movement. The movements included using goods produced in India and burning British-made goods..
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264. In 1907, where was the historic session of Indian National Congress held?
A
Lahore
B
Nagpur
C
Surat
D
Bombay
The Surat Split was the splitting of the Indian National Congress into two groups - the Extremists and the Moderates - at the Surat session in 1907.
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265. In Tamil literature the glorious books Shilppadikaram and Manimekhalai are related to
A
Jainism
B
Buddhism
C
Hindusim
D
Christianity
shilppadikaram is one of the five Great Epics according to later Tamil literary tradition, the others being Manimegalai, Civaka Cintamani, Valayapathi and Kundalakesi. The poet prince Ilango Adigal is credited with this work. He is reputed to be the brother of Senguttuvan from Chera dynasty. Ilango Adigal was a Buddhist monk and Silappadhikaram and Manimekalai are Buddhist epics. Manimekalai, a purely Buddhist work of the 3rd Sangam period in Tamil literature is the most supreme and famous among the Buddhist work done in Tamil. It is a work expounding the doctrines and propagating the values of Buddhism.It also talks about the Tamil Buddhists in the island. (Source: L. Basam Page No. 475)
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266. Where is Brihadeshwar Temple situated ?
A
Kanchi
B
Madurai
C
Shri Shailan
D
Tanjore
The Brihadeshwar Temple at Thanjavur (Tanjore) in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva and a brilliant example of the major heights achieved by Cholas in Tamil architecture. It is a tribute and a reflection of the power of its patron Raja Raja Chola I. It remains India’s largest temple and is one of the greatest glories of Indian architecture. The temple is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Great Living Chola Temples”
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267. Which rulers built the Ellora temples?
A
Chalukya
B
Sunga
C
Rashtrakuta
D
Pallava
These religious establishments could have received royal patronage from various dynasties, even though inscriptional evidences are lacking for most of them. The only definite inscriptional evidence is that of Rashtrakuta Dantidurga (c. 753-57 A.D.) The majority of the Brahmanical establishments and the remaining Buddhist ones can be attributed to the Rashtrakuta times which indicate the religious tolerance of the contemporary period. The Jaina caves definitely postdate the Rashtrakutas as indicated by the style of execution and fragmentary inscriptions. This region was under the control of Kalyani Chalukyas and Yadavas of Deogiri (Daulatabad) during this period.
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268. Who were the first kings to issue gold coins in India?
A
Mauryas
B
Indo-Greeks
C
Guptas
D
Kushans
The Indo-Greek kings were the first to issue gold coins in India and their coins were special in the sense that each king had his own distinctive coins by which he could be definitely identified. The names of at least thirty Bactrian kings are known with the help of numerous coins, and they help in the reconstruction of the history of the kings. The coins carry legends in Greek and also in Kharosthi and Brahmi.
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269. Where did Lord Buddha breathe his last?
A
Rajgir
B
Bodh Gaya
C
Sarnath
D
Kushinagar
Kushinagar is a town and a nagar panchayat in Kushinagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an important Buddhist pilgrimage site, where Gautama Buddha is thought to have attained Parinirvana after his death. It is one of the most important four holy sites for Buddhists. At this location, near the Hiranyavati River, Gautama Buddha attained Parinirvana (or Final Nirvana) after falling ill from eating a meal of a species of mushroom, or possibly pork.
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270. With which of the following is the classic “Jivaka Chintamani” in Tamil associated ?
A
Jainism
B
Buddhism
C
Hinduism
D
Christianity
Jivaka Chintamani (fabulous gem) is a classical epic poem, considered one of the five great Tamil epics according to later Tamil literary tradition, the thers being Manimegalai, Silappadikaram, Valayapathi and Kundalakesi. It was composed during the 10th century CE by Thiruthakka Thevar, a Jain monk. It narrates the romantic exploits of Jeevaka and throws light on arts of music and dance of the era. It is reputed to have been the model for Kamba Ramayanam. The epic is based on Sanskrit original and contains the exposition of Jain doctrines and beliefs.
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271. Which among the following is the oldest dynasty ?
A
Maurya
B
Gupta
C
Kushan
D
Kanva
The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 BC. Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the IndoGangetic plains (modern Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bengal) in the eastern side of the Indian subcontinent, the empire had its capital city at Pataliputra (modern Patna). The Empire was founded in 322 BC by Chandragupta Maurya. The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from approximately 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent. The Kushan Empire was originally formed in the early 1st century AD under Kujula Kadphises in the territories of ancient Bactria around the Oxus River (Amu Darya), and later based near Kabul, Afghanistan. The Kanva dynasty was a Brahman dynasty founded by Vasudeva Kanva, the minister of Devabhuti, the last Sunga king in 75 BCE 19.
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272. Who among the following was the first to invade India ?
A
Xerxes
B
Alexander
C
Darius-I
D
Seleucus
In about 518 BCE, the Persians invaded India. They were led by King Darius I, who conquered the Indus Valley and the area that is now the state of Punjab. Darius-I was successful in maintaining power, and his descendants continued to rule the area when he died. Darius-I also began to collect a tribute tax, and spread news of India`s many natural resources to Europe.
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273. What inspired the paintings of Ajanta ?
A
Compassionate Buddha
B
Radha-Krishan Leela
C
Jain Thirthankaras
D
Mahabharata encounters
The Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India are 30 rock-cut cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE to the 600 CE. The caves include paintings and sculptures considered to be masterpieces of Buddhist religious art (which depict the Jataka tales) as well as frescos which are reminiscent of the Sigiriya paintings in Sri Lanka. The Ajanta cave paintings depict the life of Gautam Buddha.
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274. Who started the Saka Era which is still used by the Government of India?
A
Kanishka
B
Vikramaditya
C
Samudra Gupta
D
Asoka
The mightiest of the Kushan rulers in India was Kanishka. He was in power from 78 AD to 120 AD. It was Kanishka who initiated the Saka Era in 78 AD. Through inheritance and conquest, Kanishka’s kingdom covered an area extending from Bukhara (now in Uzbekistan) in the west to Patna in the Ganges Valley in the east, and from the Pamirs (now in Tajikistan) in the north to central India in the south. His capital was Purushpura (Peshawar).
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275. Yavanika or curtain was introduced in Indian theatre by which of the following?
A
Shakas
B
Parthians
C
Greeks
D
Kushans
The most interesting term in Indian drama with Greek connotation is yavanika, which means a stage curtain. For the first time in Panini`s grammar, there is a reference to Yavana and Yavanani writing. However, the theory is not only erroneous but ridiculous because there is no curtain in the Greek drama and also there is no word “yavanika” in Sanskrit language. There is Yavani meaning Greek woman
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276. The most important text of vedic mathematics is :
A
Satapatha Brahman
B
Atharva Veda
C
Sulva Sutras
D
Chhandogya Upanishad
The Shulba Sutras are sutra texts belonging to the Strauta ritual and containing geometry related to firealtar construction. They are part of the larger corpus of texts called the Shrauta Sutras, considered to be appendices to the Vedas. They are the only sources of knowledge of Indian mathematics from the Vedic period. The four major Shulba Sutras, which are mathematically the most significant, are those composed by Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana
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277. The rulers of which dynasty started the practice of granting tax-free villages to Brahmanas and Buddhist Monks?
A
Satavahanas
B
Mauryas
C
Guptas
D
Cholas
Land grants formed an important feature of the Satavahana rural administration. Inscriptions show that the Satavahanas started the practice of granting fiscal and administrative immunities to Brahmins and Buddhist monks. Earlier, the grants to individuals were temporary but later grants to religious beneficiaries were permanent. Perhaps the earliest epigraphic grant of land is found in the Nanaghat Cave Inscription of naganika, who bestowed villages (grama) on priests for officiating at Vedic sacrifices, but it does not speak of any concessions in this context. These appear first in grants made by Gautamiputra Satakarni in the first quarter of the second century A.D.
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278. The great silk-route to the Indians was opened by :
A
Kanishka
B
Ashoka
C
Harsha
D
Fa-Hien
The Silk Road or Silk Route is a modern term referring to a historical network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa. Extending 6,500 km, the Silk Road gets its name from the lucrative Chinese silk trade along it, which began during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). The Kushan empire incorporated Samarkand, Bokhara and Fergana, bordering on the Silk Road towns of Kashgar, Yarkand and Khotan. The main route from Central Asia into India, connecting India with the Silk Roads and the Mediterranean, ran through Gandhara. Kanishka sought to promote the thriving trade with the Silk Road centres like Kashgar and beyond, sending an envoy to Ttajan in Rome.
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279. The First Tirthankara of the Jains was :
A
Arishtanemi
B
Parshvanath
C
Ajitanath
D
Rishabha
In Jainism, Rishabh was the first of the 24 Tirthankaras who founded the Ikshavaku dynasty and was the first Tirthankara of the present age. Because of this, he was called Adinath. He is mentioned in the Hindu text of the Bhagavata Purana as an avatar of Vishnu. In Jainism, a Tirthankara is a human being who helps in achieving liberation and enlightenment as an “Arihant” by destroying all of their soul constraining (ghati) karmas, became a role-model and leader for those seeking spiritual guidance.
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280. which statement on the Harappan Civilization is correct?
A
Horse sacrifice was known to them.
B
Cow was sacred to them.
C
Pashupati was venerated by them.
D
The culture was not generally static.
Potteries of the Harappan Civilization bring out the gradual evolutionary trend in the culture. It is on the basis of different types of potteries and ceramic art from found over the different stages of the civilization, it can be said that Harappan culture was not static and did not disappear suddenly. While showing signs of decay, in course of time it rejuvenated itself by reviving some of the earlier ceramic traditions and evolving new ones in the transitional phase
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281. The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was :
A
Rajaraja I
B
Rajendra I
C
Rajadhiraja I
D
Kulottunga I
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the old islands of the sea numbering 12,000, the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
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282. Banabhatta was the court poet of which emperor ?
A
Vikramaditya
B
Kumaragupta
C
Harshavardhana
D
Kanishka
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606–647 CE in north India. Bana`s principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world`s earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works attributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya
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283. The university which became famous in the post-Gupta Era was :
A
Kanchi
B
Taxila
C
Nalanda
D
Vallabhi
Nalanda was an ancient centre of higher learning in Bihar, which was a Buddhist centre of learning from the fifth or sixth century A.D. to 1197 CE. Nalanda flourished between the reign of the Sakraditya (whose identity is uncertain and who might have been either Kumara Gupta I or Kumara Gupta II) and 1197 A.D, supported by patronage from the Hindu Gupta rulers as well as Buddhist emperors like Harsha and later emperors from the Pala Empire
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284. which of the following Vedas provides information about the civilization of the Early Vedic Age?
A
Rig-veda
B
Yajur-veda
C
Atharva-veda
D
Sama-veda
The Vedic period (or Vedic age) was a period in history during which the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, were composed. The time span of the period is uncertain. Philological and linguistic evidence indicates that the Rig Veda, the oldest of the Vedas, was composed roughly between 1700 and 1100 BCE, also referred to as the early Vedic period. It is an important source of information on the Vedic religion and their Gods as well as presents a detailed account of the life of the people at that time
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285. Social System of the Harrapans was :
A
Fairly egalitarian
B
Slave-Labour based
C
Colour (Varna) based
D
Caste based
The archaeological record of the Indus civilization provides practically no evidence of armies, kings, slaves, social conflict, prisons, and other oft-negative traits that we traditionally associated with early civilizations. If there were neither slaves nor kings, a more egalitarian system of governance may have been practiced. Besides, compared to other ancient civilizations the houses were of nearly equal size indicating a more egalitarian social structure i.e. The Social System of the Harappans was fairly egalitarian.
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286. Which area of India was known as Avantika in ancient times
A
Avadh
B
Ruhelkhand
C
Bundelkhand
D
Malwa
Ujjain (Avanti, Avantikapuri), is an ancient city of Malwa region in central India, on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River, today part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. Avanti with its capital at Ujjaini, is mentioned in Buddhist literature as one of the four great powers along with Vatsa, Kosala and Magadha
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287. The home of Gargi, Maitrey, and Kapila was at
A
Vidisha
B
Ujjain
C
Pataliputra
D
Mithila
The name Mithila goes back to Puranic times. It occurs in the Mahabharata and in Pali literature. According to the Puranic tradition the name has been derived from that of Mithi (son of Nimi) King of Ayodhya and grandson of Manu who founded a kingdom which was called Mithila after him. It is associated with Valmiki, Ashtavakra, Yajnavalkya, Udayana, Mahavira, Kanada, Jaimini and Kapila as well as the women philosophers, such as, Gargi, Maitreyi, Bharati and Katyayani. After the era of the Ramayana it is said that the three seats of culture in Vedic period - Kosala, Kasi and Videha - merged to form the Vajjians confederacy and the centre of political gravity shifted from Mithila to Vaishali.
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288. Of which significant event of the freedom struggle was the 100th anniversary recently commemorated?
A
Swadeshi Movement
B
Champaran Satyagraha
C
Non-Cooperation Movement
D
Civil Disobedience Movement
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289. Who among the following was associated with the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association?
A
Subhash Chandra Bose
B
Mahatma Gandhi
C
Laxmi Sehgal
D
Chandrasekar Azad
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association before 1928 was known as the Hindustan Republican Association. It is reckoned as one amongst the Indian independence associations during the time of freedom struggle. Bhagat Singh, Yogendra Shukla and Chandrasekar Azad were the key functionaries of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
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290. With reference to Simon Commission`s recommendations, which one of the following statements is correct?
A
It recommended the replacement of diarchy with responsible government in the provinces.
B
It proposed the setting up of interprovincial council under the Home Department.
C
It recommended the creation of Indian Police Service with a provision for increased pay and allowances for British recruits as compared to Indian recruits.
D
It suggested the abolition of bicameral legislature at the Centre.
291. Which of the following Indus Valley Civilization sites are located in India?
A
Mohen-jo-daro and Dholavira
B
Harappa and Babar Kot
C
Babar Kot and Dholavira
D
Dholavira
Babar Kot is located in Saurashtra, Gujarat and Dholavira is located Kutch District, Gujarat.
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292. Who among the following described the Indian National Congress as a representation of only a microscopic minority of the vast population of India in the year 1888?
A
Lord Dufferin
B
Aurobindo Ghosh
C
Bipin Chandrapal
D
Lord Curzon
Lord Dufferin initially did not take Congress much seriously. He initially called Congress as representative of “microscopic minority of India” but later in the fourth session of Allahabad, the Government servants were disallowed to take part in the proceedings of the Congress.
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293. Who among the following was NOT immediately arrested on brake fo Quit India Movement and contiued the freedom struggle till the end of 1943 being underground?
A
Ram Manohar Lohia
B
Moulana Abdul Kalam Azad
C
Jawahar Lal Nehru
D
Sarojini Naidu
With the emergence in 1942 of the Quit India movement—a campaign initiated by Mohandas K. Gandhi to urge the withdrawal of British authorities from India— Ram Manohar Lohia and other CSP leaders (such as Jaya Prakash Narayan) mobilized support from the underground.
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294. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held on 28th December 1885. Who was elected as the president of this session?
A
Raja Rammohan Roy
B
Rabindranath Tagore
C
Womesh Chandra Banerjee
D
Girish Chandra Gosh
After the party`s foundation in December 1885, Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee became its first president.
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295. Wood`s despatch was introduced in India in the year 1854. Identify its significance among the following.
A
It was an act to eradicate corruption from India
B
It was a scheme of future education in India
C
It was a divide and rule policy of British
D
It was a scheme for the formations of new nations
It recommended that the existing Board of Control for Education be abolished and the office of the Director of Public Instructions should be established in the states. The result was Education Departments were established in every province and universities were opened at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
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296. During which Gupta King`s reign did the Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien visit India?
A
Chandragupta-I
B
Samudragupta
C
Chandragupta-II
D
Kumaragupta
Fa-hien, a Chinese pilgrim, visited India during the reign of Chandra Gupta II. His primary aim was to visit the Buddhist religious places and to take with him the copies of the Buddhist religious texts.
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297. Who among the following gave the slogan "DO or DIE" during the Quit India Movement?
A
Mahatma Gandhi
B
Jawahar Lal Nehru
C
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
D
Sardar VBallabhai Patel
At August Kranti Maidan, Mahatma Gandhi delivered his famous "do or die" speech, which marked the beginning of Quit India Movement.
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298. The British Prime Minister Attlee announced to withdraw from India by the end of
A
August 1947
B
June 1948
C
August 1949
D
June 1950
The Prime Minister of Britain Clement Atlee declared on February 20, 1947 in the House of Commons that the British would quit India after transferring power into the responsible hand not later than June 1948.
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299. Which places among following was NOT involved in the revolt of 1857?
A
Indore
B
Gwalior
C
Nagpur
D
Kochi
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300. Kunwar Singh led the revolt of 1857 from which of the following places in India?
A
Utter Pradesh
B
Bihar
C
Rajasthan
D
Delhi
Singh led the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Bihar. He was nearly eighty and in failing health when he was called upon to take up arms. He was assisted by both his brother, Babu Amar Singh and his commander-in-chief, Hare Krishna Singh
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301. The "Direct action Day" was announced by the Muslim League for the demand of Pakistan on
A
August, 16, 1946
B
August, 10, 1945
C
Jan 10, 1949
D
Sep 15, 1948
Direct Action Day (16 August 1946), also known as the 1946 Calcutta Killings, was a day of nationwide protest by the Indian Muslim community announced by Jinnah.
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302. Giddha is a popular folk dance performed only by the ladies. This dance is part of the culture of which of the following states in India?
A
Maharashtra
B
Gujarat
C
Punjab
D
Uttarakhand
Giddha, also spelled Giḍḍa, traditional pastoral dance performed by women of the Punjab, India, and Pakistan at festival times and at the sowing and reaping of the harvest.
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303. The state was carved out of Madhya Pradesh in the year 2000. Identify the state and its capital from the following options.
A
Jharkhand --- Ranchi
B
Chhattisgarh --- Raipur
C
Uttarakhand --- Dehradun
D
Telangana --- Hyderabad
Chhattisgarh, carved out of Madhya Pradesh came into being on 1 November 2000 as the 26th State of the Union. And its capital is Raipur
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304. Kavaratii is the capital of which of the following Union Territories in India?
A
Andaman and Nicobar
B
Puducherry
C
Lakshadweep
D
Dadra and Nagar Havelli
The Kavaratti is the capital of the Union Territory Lakshadweep in India. The Island of Kavaratti lies 360Km of the coast of the State of Kerala at 10.57°N 72.64°E. is the closest major city on the Indian mainland at a distance of 404 km (218 nmi).
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305. Originally called The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce , this paper was founded in 1838 in Mumbai to serve the British residents of western india. Identify the newspaper
A
The Tribune
B
The Times of India
C
The Hindu
D
The New Indian Express
Originally called The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce, the paper was founded in 1838 to serve the British residents of western India. At first published twice weekly, the paper became a daily in 1851 and changed its name to The Times of India in 1861.
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306. Which of the following communities celebrate the Hemis festival in honour of Guru Padmasambhava`s birth anniversary?
A
Buddhists
B
Sikhs
C
Christians
D
Parsis
The festival is organized in Hemis Gompa, which is one of the largest and richest Buddhist monasteries in the world. The Buddhist festival is held by the Lama Head to celebrate the birth anniversary of Guru Padmasambhava, the Tibetan Buddhism founder.
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307. Which of the following classical dance forms originated in Nothern India?
A
Kathak
B
Bharatanatyam
C
Mohiniyattam
D
Kuchipudi
Kathak is one of the 10 major classical dance forms of India. It is a classical dance from Northern India. One who performs Kathak are known as Kathakas. They communicated stories from the great epics and ancient mythology through dance.
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308. After the Revolt of 1857, the British Parliament took away the power to govern India from East India Company and the title Empress of India was assumed by
A
Queen Charlotte
B
Queen Elizabeth
C
Queen Isabella
D
Queen Victoria
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 forced the British Government to pass the Act. The Act was followed a few months later by Queen Victoria`s proclamation to the "Princes, Chiefs, and People of India", which, among other things, stated, "We hold ourselves bound to the natives of our Indian territories by the same obligation of duty which bind us to all our other subjects."
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309. Which dance form has MATKA as its most important element in which the dancer dances on a bronze plate?
A
Kathakali
B
Kalbelia
C
Kuchipudi
D
Bahratnatyam
The most popular form of Kuchipudi dance is Matka (pot) dance, in which a dancer fills the pot with water & keeps it on her head and hops by placing her feet on a brass plate.
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310. Which of the following features of Nagara Style of temple means Womb Chamber?
A
Shikharas
B
Garbhagriha
C
Mandapa
D
None of the above
Garbhgriha
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311. Which style of painting is done on the cloth using vegetable colors?
A
Phad Painting
B
Warli Painting
C
Madhubani Painting
D
All of the above
Phad paintings are very detailed. Every inch of the canvas is used. Since the ancient stories are depicted in the paintings, Phads have a lot of human figures in them. The size and color of which depends upon the role and position they had. These paintings are done on clothes. A thick fine paste of wheat/rice flour, prepared by boiling the mixture in water, is applied on the cloth which is then dried in sunlight. The cloth is then rubbed with Mohra|(a stone device) to bring out the smoothness and shine in it. Now the cloth is ready to be painted. The colors used in Phad are all-natural, obtained from various plants and vegetable extracts. Earthen colors are used to bring the acrylic effect.
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312. The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in the year
A
1941
B
1942
C
1945
D
1946
In August 1942, Gandhiji started the Quit India Movement and decided to launch a mass civil disobedience movement Do or Die call to force the British to leave India.
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313. The Non Cooperation movement started in
A
1930
B
1920
C
1921
D
1942
The Non-Cooperation Movement was pitched in under leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress from September 1920 to February 1922, marking a new awakening in the Indian Independence Movement.
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314. Which revolutionary took his own life?
A
Khudiram Bose
B
Rash Behari Bose
C
Bhagat Singh
D
Chandrashekhar Azad
On February 27, 1931, when Azad found himself surrounded by policemen faithful to the colonial government in Alfred Park – now known as Chandrashekhar Azad Park – and took his own life rather than surrender, it is said the whole of Allahabad overflowed with emotions.
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315. The Indian National Congress was formed during the Governor generalship of
A
Lord Mayo
B
Lord Ripon
C
Lord Dufferin
D
Lord Curzon
Lord Dufferin (1826-1902) was the Governor General and Viceroy of India from 1884 to 1888). He had succeeded Lord Ripon in December 1884 and was known as one of the most successful diplomats of his time. Foundation of Indian National Congress by A O Hume in 1885 and Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885 are two important events of his period. The Third Anglo-Burmese War resulted in the annexation of upper Burma. As a result, his tenure saw the final extinction of Burma as an independent power.
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316. Who is considered as the Father of the Modern Indian Renaissance?
A
Mahatma Gandhi
B
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
C
Vinoba Bhave
D
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered to be the father of modern Indian renaissance. He was born in an orthodox and well-to-do Brahmana family in a village in the Burdwan district of West Bengal in 1772, and died in 1833. Besides English and Bengali, Ram Mohan Roy acquired knowledge of Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic.
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317. who is the author of the book Poverty and Un-British rule in India?
A
RC Dutt
B
WC Banerjee
C
Dadabhai Naoroji
D
None of the above
Poverty and Un- British in India book is written by Dadabhai Naoroji. He was born in the year 1825 . He was Co- founder of Indian National Congress.
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318. The Rowlatt Act was passed in which year?
A
1919
B
1921
C
1923
D
1916
Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial. Their object was to replace the repressive provisions of the wartime Defence of India Act (1915) by a permanent law.
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319. Who advocated the introduction of Western Education and English language in India?
A
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C
Dadabhai Naoroji
D
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated the introduction of western education and English Language in India.
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320. During India`s freedom struggle the newspaper Young India was published by
A
BR Ambedkar
B
Subhash Chandra Bose
C
Mahatma Gandhi
D
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Young India was a weekly paper or journal in English published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from 1919 to 1931. Gandhi wrote various quotations in this journal that inspired many.
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321. Who started the Servants of India Society?
A
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B
Gopal Krishana Gokhale
C
Surendranath Banerjee
D
Dadabhai Naoroji
The Servants of India Society was founded in 1905 by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, considered as a the leader of the "moderate" faction of the pre-independence Congress from whom Gandhi drew inspiration.
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322. Who was the British Commander at Delhi during 1857 Revolt?
A
Colin Campbell
B
John Nicolson
C
Hugh Rose
D
William Taylor
John Nicolson
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323. Which of the following statements best explains the nature of Revolt of 1857?
A
The last effort of the old political order to regain power
B
Munity of a section of sepoys of the British Army
C
A struggle of the common of people to overthrow common rule
D
An effort to establish a limited Indian Nation
Munity of a section of sepoys of the British Army
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324. The Revolt of 1857 was started by
A
The Sepoys
B
The Zamindars
C
The Peasants
D
The Plantation Workers
Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–59. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow.
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325. Treaty of Allahabad is associated with
A
Battle of Plassey
B
Battle of Buxar
C
Anglo-Sikh War
D
Third Ango-Mysore War
The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 12 August 1765, between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, son of the late Emperor Alamgir II, and Robert Clive, of the East India Company, in the aftermath of the Battle of Buxar of 23 October 1764.
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326. The battle of Plassey was fought between
A
East India company and Shah Alam
B
East India company and Suja-ud-daula
C
East India company and siraj-ud-daula
D
East India company and Arwar-ud-din
The Battle of Plassey was fought in north-eastern India on 23 June 1757. Troops of the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive, came up against the forces of Siraj-ud-Daulah, the last Nawab of Bengal, and his French allies.
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327. When did the Vasco da Gama land in India?
A
1492
B
1498
C
1948
D
1857
His initial voyage to India (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans and therefore, the West and the Orient. This is widely considered a milestone in world history, as it marked the beginning of a sea-based phase of global multiculturalism
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328. The first country which discovered sea route to India was
A
Portugal
B
Dutch
C
French
D
Britian
The Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India was the first recorded trip directly from Europe to India, via the Cape of Good Hope. Under the command of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, it was undertaken during the reign of King Manuel I in 1495–1499.
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329. Bijapur is known for its
A
Severe drought conditions
B
Gol Gumbaz
C
Heavy Rainfall
D
Statue of Gomateswara
Bijapur, officially known as Vijayapura, is the district headquarters of Bijapur District of Karnataka state of India. It is also the headquarters for Bijapur Taluka. Bijapur city is well known for its historical monuments of architectural importance built during the rule of the Adil Shahi dynasty.
It is the tomb of Mohammed Adil Shah. This is the most famous monument in Bijapur.
It is the largest dome ever built in India.
A particular attraction in this monument is the central chamber, where every sound is echoed seven times.
Another attraction at the Gol Gumbaz is the Whispering Gallery, where even minute sounds can be heard clearly 37 metres away.
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330. The first Muslim woman ruler of India was
A
Chand Bibi
B
Begum Hazarat Mahal
C
Raziya sultana
D
Noorjahan
Razia Sultana was the first woman Sultanate of India, and ruled the court of Delhi from the end of 1236 to 1240. The only ever woman to do so, she defied all odds to occupy the throne, including overcoming conflicts over her gender and her slave ancestry.
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331. The term Aryans denote
A
an ethic group
B
a nomadic group
C
a speech group
D
a superior race
The term Aryan denotes a linguistic group and not a race. Their language Vedic Sanskrit has definite relationship with major languages of Europe and Asia. Scholars call this group of languages as Indo-European and the people speaking these languages as Indo-Europeans or Indo-Aryans.
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332. The dockyard has been found from which Indus city
A
Lothal
B
Harappa
C
Rakhigarhi
D
Chanhudaro
The excavated site of Lothal is the only port-town of the Indus Valley Civilisation. A metropolis with an upper and a lower town had in on its northern side a basin with vertical wall, inlet and outlet channels which has been identified as a tidal dockyard.
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333. Window Remarriage Act was passed in 1856 because of the ceaseless efforts made by
A
Swami Vivekananda
B
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
C
Gopal Krishana Gokhale
D
Ram Mohan Roy
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was the most prominent campaigner. He petitioned the Legislative council,but there was a counter petition against the proposal with nearly four times more signatures by Radhakanta Deb and the Dharma Sabha. But Lord Dalhousie personally finalised the bill despite the opposition and it being considered a flagrant breach of Hindu customs as prevalent then.
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334. Gadar Party was founded in 1913 at
A
Bombay
B
Lahore
C
London
D
San Francisco
The Ghadar Party, initially the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, was formed on 15 July 1913 in the United States but before a decision to create headquarter at Yugantar Ashram in San Francisco was taken at a meeting in the town of Astoria in the state of Oregon in USA under the leadership of Har Dayal, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Baba Jawala Singh, Santokh Singh and Sohan Singh Bhakna as its president. The members of the party were Indian immigrants, largely from Punjab. Many of its members were students at University of California at Berkeley including Dayal, Tarak Nath Das, Maulavi Barkatullah, Harnam Singh Tundilat, Kartar Singh Sarabha and V.G. Pingle. The party quickly gained support from Indian expatriates, especially in the United States, Canada, East Africa, and Asia.
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335. Red shirt movement was launched by
A
M N Roy
B
S A Dange
C
Shaukat Ali
D
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
Red Shirt movement, byname of Khudai Khitmatgar (Persian: “Servants of Godâ€), in support of the Indian National Congress, an action started by Abdul Ghaffar Khan of the North-West Frontier Province of India in 1930.
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336. Begum Hazrat Mahal led the great revolt of 1857 at
A
Delhi
B
Lucknow
C
Meerut
D
Bareilly
During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Begum Hazrat Mahal`s band of supporters rebelled against the forces of the British under the leadership of Raja Jalal Singh; they seized control of Lucknow, and she took power as the guardian of her minor son, Prince Birjis Qadr, whom she had declared as the ruler (Wali) of Awadh.
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337. Which of following option is correctly matched?
A
Battle of buxar ........ 1769
B
Pit`s india act ....... 1784
C
Battle of Plassey -........ 1754
D
Permanent settlement of Bengal ...... 1798
East india company act also known as pit`s act
Commencement : 13 August 1784
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