According to the Constitution of India, the Gram Panchayat is a/an "institution of self-government." This is established under Article 243 of the Indian Constitution, which pertains to the Panchayats and their roles in local self-governance.
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2. Which of the following writs issue a command to a public official asking him to perform his official duties that he has failed or refused to perform?
Economic and social planning typically comes under the concurrent list in India. This means that both the Union (central government) and State governments have the authority to legislate on matters related to economic and social planning
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4. The following date is mentioned in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution
The date mentioned in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution is "26th November 1949." This date marks the adoption of the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly.
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5. Who presides over the joint sitting of Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?
The joint sitting of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) in India is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
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6. Upper House of the Indian Parliament is also know as _____?
Among the states listed, Bihar is the state with a bicameral legislature. It has two houses: the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) and the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad).
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8. Who implements the Model Code of Coduct for elections in India?
The Model Code of Conduct for elections in India is implemented and enforced by the Election Commission of India (ECI). This code sets guidelines for political parties and candidates to ensure free and fair elections by promoting ethical practices during the electoral process.
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9. How many tiers are there in a Panchayati Raj structure in India?
The writ that provides a remedy for a person who has been unlawfully held in prison is **habeas corpus**. This writ directs the authority (such as a prison warden or government) to produce the detained individual before a court and justify the legality of their detention.
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11. Which of the following is NOT related to fundamental rights?
The right that is NOT related to fundamental rights among the options listed is **right to property**. The right to property was initially a fundamental right under the Constitution of India but was later removed from the list of fundamental rights and placed under legal rights due to constitutional amendments.
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12. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the India Federal System?
The feature that is NOT typically associated with the Indian federal system is **bicameralism**. In India, the Parliament is unicameral, meaning it consists of only one house (the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha together form the Parliament, but it`s not a traditional bicameral system).
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13. On which day is Constitution Day celebrated every year in India?
Constitution Day, also known as National Law Day, is celebrated in India on November 26th every year. This day commemorates the adoption of the Constitution of India on November 26, 1949.
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14. Which type of Citizenship is provided by the Constitution of India?
The Constitution of India provides for **single citizenship**. This means that every Indian citizen is a citizen of the Republic of India, and there is no separate state citizenship.
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15. Which of the following is NOT a Constitutional body?
Right to Property which is removed from the list of Fundamental Rights through the 44th Amendment becomes a simple legal right under Article 300A. The 44th Amendment of 1978 removed the right to property from the list of fundamental rights.
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18. Which Articles of the Indian Constitution stated the Temporary provision of J and K?
Executive power of the Union is vested in the President,
and is exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate
to him in accordance with the Constitution. Supreme command of defence
forces of the Union also vests in him.
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22. According to Preamble which value dictates that India is a free nation and no external power can dictate the government of India?
Sovereign:
Government has the supreme right to make decisions on internal as well
as external matters. No external power can dictate the government of
India. Socialist: Wealth is generated socially and should be shared
equally by the society.
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23. Abolition of Titles is mentioned in Article ____ of the Indian Constitution.
(1) No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State.
(2) No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign State.
(3) No person who is not a citizen of India shall, while he holds any
office of profit or trust under the State, accept without the consent
of the President any title from any foreign State.
(4) No person holding any office of profit or trust under the State
shall, without the consent of the President, accept any present,
emolument, or office of any kind from or under any foreign State.
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24. What is a merit of Right to Freedom of Religion?
A
Having political controversy
B
Followers of different Religions have disputes among themselves
C
Person may choose, not to follow any Religion
D
Forcibly persuading people to convert their Religion
The song
Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in Bangla by Rabindranath Tagore,
was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the
National Anthem of India on January 24, 1950.
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27. Indian Constitution is elephantine in size due to reasons, except
The universal Adult Franchise refers that all
citizens who are 18 years and above irrespective of their caste or
education, religion, color, race, and economic conditions are free to
vote. In a democracy, a universal adult franchise is important, as it is based on the idea of equality.
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32. If Union Parliament needs to remove a matter from State List, approval of ____ is necessary
When States Make a
Request: When the legislatures of two or more states pass resolutions
requesting the Parliament to enact laws on a matter in the State List,
then the Parliament can make laws for regulating that matter. A law so
enacted applies only to those states which have passed the resolutions.
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33. Subject of marriage and divorce is discussed in ____ list.
The
important ones are Public order, Police, Agriculture including
agricultural education and research, Land revenue including maintenance
of land records. Emoluments of the governors fall in the Union list
while Marriage and Divorce falls in the Concurrent list.
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34. In which Constitutional amendment did Panchayati Raj became Constitutional?
In the history of Panchayati Raj, in India, on 24 April 1993, the Constitutional (73rd amendment) Act 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
Mandamus is a judicial remedy in the form of an order from a court
to any government, subordinate court, corporation, or public authority,
to do some specific act which that body is obliged under law to do, and
which is in the nature of public duty, and in certain cases one of a
statutory duty.
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38. Who suggest conditions for acquiring Indian citizenship?
The Indian Constitution provides the power to the parliament
under Article 11 to make laws and regulations about citizenship. This
is the reason parliament passed the Citizenship Act in 1955.
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39. ____ of a state shall have a power to grant pardons, reprise or remission to a person who is convicted of any offence related to law.
The Governor
of a State shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or
remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence
of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a
matter to which the executive power of the State extends.
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40. Which of the following is the basis of discrimination and violation of Right to Equality, except
The Human Rights Act makes it illegal to discriminate on a wide range of
grounds including sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or
other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national
minority, property, birth or other status.
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41. Which of the following Articles deals with the impeachment of the president?
The
Parliament keeps a day-to-day watch over the activities of the Executive. As
ours is a parliamentary system of Government, the Executive is responsible to
the Parliament for all acts of omissions and commissions. TheParliament
may remove a Cabinet out of power by a vote of no confidence. It may reject a
bill or a budget proposal of the Cabinet.
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43. Which one of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution deals with the tenure of the President?
Jawaharlal Nehru was the head of the interim government. The powers of a prime minister are bestowed on the vice-president of the Council of ministers, a position held by the Congress leader Jawaharlal Nehru who headed the Interim Cabinet formed in 1946.
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46. Which of the following is an important feature of Fundamental rights?
A
It is protected by constitution
B
It is unjustifiable in nature
C
Government cannot put restrictions on the rights on whatever condition
PARLIAMENT OF INDIA. The Constitution of India which came into force on 26 January 1950, provides for abicameral Parliamentconsisting of the President and the two Houses known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
The Preamble to the Constitution of India declares India as "Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic". Sovereignty implies that India is free and has the authority to conduct its own affairs and governance. In India, the supreme power is possessed by people of the country. The people of the nation elect their representatives to govern them i.e., the Parliament derives its sovereignty from the people of the nation.
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52. What is meant by Preventive detention?
A
Preventing a person who is likely to engage in unlawful activity by arresting him
(1) No person shall be eligible for election as President unless he
(a) is a citizen of India,
(b) has completed the age of thirty-five years, and
(c) is qualified for election as a member of the House of the People.
(2) A person shall not be eligible for election as President if he holds any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said Governments.
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56. The Constitution of India guarantees protection from social injustice and all different forms of exploitation. Which of the following is an INCORRECT option pertaining to the protective legislations acted by respective governments?
A
ST and other Traditional Forest Dwellers Act, 2006
B
SC and ST (Prevention of Economic offenses against tribal people) Act, 2005
As a result of the partition under the Mountbatten Plan of 3 June, 1947, a separate Constituent Assembly was set up for Pakistan and representatives of some Provinces ceased to be members of the Assembly. As a result, the membership of the Assembly was reduced to 299.
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58. The final authority for making laws of India, that can make new laws, change existing laws or abolish them is, the
For making laws in India, Parliament is the final authority. These assemblies are called legislature, as the task of legislation or law making is very crucial. Parliaments across the globe have the power to abolish old or existing laws and create a new law, or change the existing laws.
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59. The constitution of India was adopted by the constituent Assembly of India on which of the following dates?
The election of the President shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting at such election shall be by secret ballot.
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61. In the Indian parliamentary system, a member who is elected for a full term of the Rajya Sabha serves for a period of
Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years, with about a third of the 233 designates up for election every two years, in even-numbered years. The Rajya Sabha meets in continuous sessions, and unlike the Lok Sabha, being the lower house of the Parliament, the Rajya Sabha is not subjected to dissolution.
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62. Which of the following acts of Indian Constitution aims at revitalizing and strengthening
the urban government?
The Fundamental Duties were added in 1976 in the Indian Constitution. There were originally ten Fundamental Duties while the eleventh one was added eleven by the 86th Amendment in 2002.
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70. Where is the headquarters of International Fund for Agricultural Development situated?
The first language to be accorded with that status is Tamil. Tamil was declared classical language back in 2004. In the following year, Sanskrit was accorded with the status. In 2008, Telugu and Kannada were conferred with the status followed by Malayalam in 2013.
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74. How many members are present in United Nations Security Council?
99. As per section 71, of J&K Reorganisation Act, 2019 the accounts of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir shall be kept in such form as the Lieutenant Governor may, after obtaining the advice of ____________.
Article 30 of the Indian Constitution states the right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. It says: “All minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.”
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106. Article 24 of the Indian Constitution prohibits:
108. Which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India provides for free legal aid to the poor and weaker sections of the society, to promote justice on the basis of equal opportunity?
112. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. However, one third of the members retire every __________ year, and are replaced by newly elected members.
Duty of parents to provide education to his child between the age of 6 and 14 years
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114. Who nominates officers of Government as Observers (General Observers and Election Expenditure Observers) for parliamentary and assembly constituencies?
Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland – The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act is not applicable to these three States, as the traditional local institutions of self-government exist in these Schedule VI States.
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122. When was zero hour introduced in the parliamentary affairs in India ?
Zero Hour in Parliament starts at 12 noon during which members raise matters of importance, especially those that cannot be delayed. Zero Hour is the Indian innovation in the field of parliamentary procedures and has been in existence since 1962. However, it does not find mention in the rules of procedure. During zero hour, questions are asked about issues of public importance without prior permission. These questions are usually directed against individual ministers.
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123. The Secretary General of the Lok Sabha is the Chief of its Secretariat and is :
The Secretary General is the administrative head of the Secretariat of the Lok Sabha. The post of Secretary General is of the rank of the Cabinet Secretary in the Government of India, who is the senior most civil servant to the Indian Government. The incumbent to the post is appointed by the Speaker of Lok Sabha in consultation with the Prime Minister of India and the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha.
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124. Who is the competent to dissolve the Parliament ?
A
The President
B
The Cabinet with the concurrence of the Leader of the Opposition
The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. When the term, dissolution of Parliament is used, it only means the Lok Sabha, the House of the People, the Lower House of Parliament. Parliament comprises the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha, the Council of States, the Upper House. The first and third have fixed terms of five and six years respectively, the Lok Sabha has a term of five years but can be dissolved earlier.
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125. The authority to prorogue the two Houses of the Parliament rests with the
There are certain constitutional functions which the President has to perform with respect to Parliament. The President of India has the power to summon and prorogue either of the two Houses of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. While the Rajya Sabha is a continuing body, the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha vests in the President.
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126. The salaries and allowances payable to the Members of the Parliament are decided by the
After election to Parliament, the members become entitled to certain amenities. These amenities are provided to members with a view to enable them to function effectively as Members of Parliament. Broadly speaking, the amenities provided to the members relate to salaries and allowances, travelling facilities, medical facilities, accommodation, telephones, etc. These are governed by the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954 and the rules made there under.
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127. In Indian Parliament, a bill may be sent to a select committee
When a Bill comes up before a House for general discussion, it is open to that House to refer it to a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of the two Houses. A motion has to be moved and adopted to this effect in the House in which the Bill comes up for consideration. In case the motion adopted is for reference of the Bill to a Joint Committee, the decision is conveyed to the other House requesting them to nominate members of the other House to serve on the Committee. The Select or Joint Committee considers the Bill clause by clause just as the two Houses do. Amendments can be moved to various clauses by members of the Committee.
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128. The joint session of the two Houses of Parliament is convened
A
only in case of national emergency
B
when a bill passed by one House is rejected by the other House
C
taxes approved by one House are rejected by the other House
In case of a deadlock between the two houses or in a case where more than six months lapse in the other house, the President may summon a joint session of the two houses which is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the deadlock is resolved by simple majority. Until now, only three bills: the Dowry Prohibition Act (1961), the Banking Service Commission Repeal Bill (1978) and the Prevention of Terrorism Bill (2002) have been passed at joint sessions
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129. What is the maximum number of the elected members of Rajya Sabha ?
Membership is limited to 250 members, 12 of whom are nominated by the President of India for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. The remainder of the body is elected by the state and territorial legislatures. Terms of office are six years, with one third of the members retiring every two years.
The subjects defined and enlisted under the List-III of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, form the joint domain of both the State Governments and the Union territories of India as well as the Central Government of India under these subjects. This is known as Concurrent List. The practical importance of the Concurrent list, (when adopted in any federation) lies in the fact, that the vesting of the same type of power in two parallel agencies carries, within it, the seeds of a possible conflict. This implies, that the Constitution (of the country concerned) should provide, in advance, a mechanism for resolving such conflict. In India, article 254 of the Constitution primarily seeks to incorporate such a mechanism.
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131. What is the maximum time interval permitted between two sessions of Parliament ?
The period during which the House meets to conduct its business is called a session. The Constitution empowers the President to summon each House at such intervals that there should not be more than 6 month’s gap between the two sessions. Hence the Parliament must meet at least twice a year. In India, the parliament conducts three sessions each year.
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132. The Presidential Government operates on the principle of :
In democratic systems of governance based on the trias politica, a fundamental parallel and a fundamental difference exists between presidential systems and constitutional monarchic parliamentary system of government. The parallel is that the three branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial) exist largely independent of each other, with their own prerogatives, domains of activity, and exercises of control over each other. In presidential systems, the incumbent of the Head-of-state is elected to office and, after transfer of power, appoints his administration (like in the United States, with unitary executive) or a government headed by a prime minister is formed within the parliament, based on the elected majority (like in France). The latter might lead to a “cohabitation” where a president and his government belonging to different parties or coalitions.
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133. What is the minimum age prescribed for becoming a member of Rajya Sabha ?
Article 84 of the Constitution lays down the qualifications for membership of Parliament. A person to be qualified for the membership of the Rajya Sabha should be a citizen of India and make and subscribe before some person authorized in that behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule to the Constitution; and he must be not less than 30 years of age.
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body in India. Founded in 1919, the Parliament alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all political bodies in India. The Parliament comprises the President of India and the two Houses—Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
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135. Who among the following presides over the Lok Sabha in the absence of Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha ?
A
A member appointed by the President.
B
A member nominated by the members of the parliament present in the House.
C
A person from the panel formed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha
In the absence of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker discharges his functions. A member from the Panel of Chairmen presides over the House in the absence of both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker.
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136. The function of Protem Speaker is to
A
conduct the proceedings of the House in the presence of the Speaker
B
conduct the election in the House in the presence of the Speaker
C
conduct the proceedings of the House in the absence of the Speaker
D
check if the election certificates of members are in order
In the first meeting after election in which speaker and vice speaker is selected by members of parliament, that meeting is hold under the senior most member of parliament is called protem speaker.
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137. The “Residuary Powers” (not mentioned in the Union, State or Concurrent lists of the Constitution) are vested in
Three subject lists, the Union list, the State list, and the Concurrent list, define the legislative powers of each level of government. All residuary powers are vested with the Parliament of India. In the U.S.A. and Australia the residuary powers are given to the States. In Canada they vest in the Union.
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138. Which of the following Standing Committees of Parliament has no MP from Rajya Sabha?
The Estimates Committee, constituted for the first time in 1950, is a Parliamentary Committee consisting of 30 Members, elected every year by the Lok Sabha from amongst its Members. The Chairman of the Committee is appointed by the Speaker from amongst its members. A Minister cannot be elected as a member of the Committee and if a member after his election to the Committee, is appointed a Minister, he ceases to be a member of the Committee from the date of such appointment.
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139. Point out which from the following is not a right enumerated in the Constitution of India but has been articulated by the Supreme Court to be a Fundamental Right.
Judicial activism has brought the Right to Privacy within the realm of Fundamental Rights. The Supreme Court of India has construed “right to privacy” as a part of the Fundamental Right to “protection of life and personal liberty” under Article 21 of the Constitution, which states “no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedures established by law”. In the context of personal liberty, the Supreme Court has observed “those who feel called upon to deprive other persons of their personal liberty in the discharge of what they conceive to be their duty must strictly and scrupulously observe the forms and rules of the law”.
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140. Who is competent to dissolve the Rajya Sabha ?
Rajya Sabha is a permanent House and is not subject to dissolution. However, one-third Members of Rajya Sabha retire after every second year. A member who is elected for a full term serves for a period of six years.
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141. Rajya Sabha enjoys more powers than the Lok Sabha in the case of
Under the Constitution the Rajya Sabha is granted some powers exclusively. The Rajya Sabha, under Article 249, may by a special majority of two-thirds votes adopt a resolution asking the Parliament to make laws on subjects of the State list, in the national interest. Secondly, Rajya Sabha can take steps to create All India Services by adopting resolutions supported by special majority in the national interest. If the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by a majority of not less than two- third of the members present and voting that it is necessary or expedient in the national interest, to create one or more all- India services, Parliament by law may provide for such services. Thirdly, Rajya Sabha has the exclusive right to initiate a resolution for the removal of the Vice-President.
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142. No Money bill can be introduced in the Lok Sabha without the prior approval of the
Under the Constitution, the Speaker enjoys a special position insofar as certain matters pertaining to the relations between the two Houses of Parliament are concerned. He certifies Money Bills and decides on money matters by reason of the Lok Sabha`s overriding powers in financial matters.It is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha who presides over joint sittings called in the event of disagreement between the two Houses on a legislative measure. As regards recognition of parliamentary parties it is the Speaker who lays down the necessary guidelines for such recognition.
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144. The maximum permissible gap between two sessions of the Parliament is
Article 85 of the Indian Constitution states that six months must not intervene between the last sitting in one session and the first sitting in the succeeding session. In other words, the interval between two sessions must not exceed six months.
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145. What can be the maximum interval between two Sessions of Parliament?
Under Article 85 of the Indian Constitution, the President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament from time to time and to dissolve the Lok Sabha. It is also provided that six months must not intervene between the last sitting in one session and the first sitting in the succeeding session. In other words, the interval between two sessions must not exceed six months.
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146. A money bill passed by the Lok Sabha is deemed to have been passed by the Rajya Sabha also when no action is taken by the Upper House within :
In the Westminster system (and, colloquially, in the United States), a money bill or supply bill is a bill that solely concerns taxation or government spending (also known as appropriation of money), as opposed to changes in public law. Money bills passed by the Lok Sabha are sent to the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of parliament, elected by the state and territorial legislatures or appointed by the president). The Rajya Sabha may not amend money bills but can recommend amendments. A money bill must be returned to the Lok Sabha within 14 days or the bill is deemed to have passed both houses in the form it was originally passed by the Lok Sabha.
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147. What is the period within which a proclamation of national emergency made by the President is to be placed before each house of the Parliament for approval?
The President of India has the power to declare three types of emergency. They are National Emergency, State Emergency and Financial Emergency. A proclamation of National Emergency has to be passed in each house of Parliament by more than half of the total members and at least by two-third of the members present and voting. This proclamation will be invalid if it is not passed by both houses within one month. It has to be passed first by the Rajya Sabha if the Lok Sabha stands dissolved at the time of proclamation of National Emergency. It has to be passed within one month of Lok Sabha being reconstituted; otherwise the proclamation will be invalid.
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148. Who among the following are not appointed by the President of India?
The Vice President of India is the second-highest office in India, after the President. The Vice President is elected indirectly by an electoral college consisting members of both houses of the Parliament. The Vice President would ascend to the Presidency upon the death, resignation, impeachment, or other situations leading to the vacancy in the Office of President.
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149. Parliamentary form of Government is also known as :
Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability, the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy. Governments (the equivalent of the executive branch) in Westminster democracies are responsible to parliament rather than to the monarch, or, in a colonial context, to the imperial government.
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150. In Indian Republic, the real executive authority rests with the :
The President is the constitutional head of Executive of the Union. Real executive power vests in a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as head. Article 74(1) of the Constitution provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister to aid and advise the President who shall, in exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, the House of the People.
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151. According to the Indian Constitution, the vacancy in the office of the President of India shall be filled within :
Article 62 of the Indian Constitution says that An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held as soon as possible after, and in no case later than six months from, the date of occurrence of the vacancy, and the person elected to fill the vacancy shall, subject to the provisions of Article 56, be entitled to hold office for the full term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office.
The presidential system has several advantages. As the President is selected separately from the Legislature, the President and Executive branch are not subject (in most cases) to any form of vote of no confidence. As such, this leads to continuity in the Executive branch, as the Executive will remain stable over the term of the President. Besides, there is a clear demarcation between the Executive and the Legislative branch, allowing for a more effective set of checks-and-balances to be placed on both branches by the other.
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153. Which state was formed after the amendment of articles 239A and 240?
The Thirty-seventh Amendment of 1975 amended Articles 239-A and 240 and made Arunachal Pradesh a Union Territory and provided for the creation of a legislature and a Council of Ministers for the territory.
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154. Which Article of the Constitution deals with removal/ dismissal of a Civil Servant?
Article 311 of Constitution of India deals with dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State. It states that no person who is a member of a civil service of the Union or an all-India service or a civil service of a State or holds a civil post under the Union or a State shall be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to that by which he was appointed.
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155. Article 368 of the Indian Constitution deals with
Article 368 of the Constitution of India deals with the amendment process. It empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution by way of addition, variation or repeal of any provision according to the procedure laid down therein, which is different from the procedure for ordinary legislation.
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156. The 73rd Constitutional amendment act is related to :
The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992 is related to Panchayati Raj in India. It added Part IX of the Constitution of India, related to Panchayats, and the Eleventh Schedule to the Consttion which deals with matters on which the Panchayats may be devolved with powers and responsibility by the State Legislatures by law.
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157. Reservation for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the service has been provided
Article 335 of the Indian Constitution deals with the claims of SCs and STs to services and posts, without sacrificing the efficiency of administration. However, the 82nd Amendment Act of 2000 provides for making of any provision in favour of the SCs and STs for relaxation in qualifying marks in any examination or lowering the standards of evaluation, for reservation in matters of promotion to the public services of the Centre and the states.
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158. Which Article of the Constitution enjoins the State to establish Village Panchayat?
Article 40 of the Constitution lays down that the State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. It is a Directive Principle of State Policy under Part IV of the Indian Constitution.
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159. The Election Commission is established under the Article
Under Article 324 of the Indian Constitution, the superintendence, direction and control of elections to both Houses of Parliament and State Legislatures is vested in the Election Commission of India. The same article authorizes the Commission to conduct the elections to the offices of the President and Vice-President of India.
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160. Which one of the Constitutional amendment has established Panchayati Raj Institution ?
The 73rd amendment of the Constitution was enacted in 1992, to enshrine in the Constitution certain basic and essential features of Panchayat Raj Institutions. It introduced a three tier Panchayati Raj system at the Village, Intermediate (Block) and District levels
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161. How many times was the Preamble of the Constitution amended ?
The 42nd Amendment of 1976 amended the Preamble of the Constitution. It changed the characterization of India from a "sovereign democratic republic" to a "sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic". It also changed the words "unity of the nation" to "unity and integrity of the nation
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162. Article 1 of the Constitution of India declares India to be a
According to Article 1 which deals with name and territory of the Union, India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. It also says that the territory of India shall consist of: The territories of the states, The Union territories and any territory that may be acquired.
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163. Which of the following article of IPC is related to unnatural sex ?
Section 377 of Indian Penal Code (1860) deals with unnatural sex. As per this section, oral and anal sex have been treated as unnatural sex and made illegal in India.
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164. Which Article empowers the President to impose Financial Emergency ?
According to Article 360, if the President is satisfied that there is an economic situation in which the financial stability or credit of India is threatened, he or she can declare financial emergency. Such an emergency must be approved by the Parliament within two months.
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165. Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for equal opportunities for all citizen in Public employment ?
Article 16 of the Indian Constitution deals with equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. It states that no citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect or, any employment or office under the State.
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166. Which one of the following languages is not specified in the Eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution ?
Parliament may restrict the application of the Fundamental Rights to members of the Indian Armed Forces and the police, in order to ensure proper discharge of their duties and the maintenance of discipline, by a law made under Article 33.
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168. Which Article of the Indian Constitution did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar term as the “Heart and Soul of the Indian Constitution”?
Dr. B R Ambedkar, the chairman of the Drafting committee called the fundamental right to constitutional remedies as the heart and soul of the Indian constitution. According to this right, a person can move the Supreme Court in case of violation of their fundamental rights. In the Constitution, this right is enshrined in Article 32.
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169. Under which Article of the Indian Constitution, the decision of the Central Administrative Tribunal can be challenged in the Supreme Court ?
The Central Administrative Tribunal was established in pursuance of Article 323-A of the Constitution. According to this article, the Parliament may by law exclude the jurisdiction of all Courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 136 with respect to the disputes or complaints regarding the CAT.
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170. By which Constitution Amendment Act, Right to Property ceased to remain a fundamental right?
The 44th amendment of 1978 eliminated the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property as a fundamental right. The Constitution originally provided for the right to property under Articles 19 and 31.
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171. Which has become a legal right under 44th Amendment?
The 44th amendment eliminated the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property as a fundamental right. However, in another part of the Constitution, Article 300 (A) was inserted to affirm that no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law
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172. The National Emergency in India declared by the President of India due to the external aggression or armed revolt through
Under article 352 of Constitution, the President can declare such an emergency (caused by war, external aggression or armed rebellion) only on the basis of a written request by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Such a proclamation must be approved by the Parliament within one month.
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173. Article -1 of the Indian Constitution declares “India that is Bharat” is a:
The 10th Schedule to the Indian Constitution, that is popularly referred to as the Anti-Defection Law was inserted by the 52nd Amendment to the Constitution. It has provisions for Members of Parliament and Members of the State Legislatures.
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176. Which amendments to the Constitution provide for the reservation of one-third seats in the Municipal Boards and Village Panchayats for women?
A
73rd and 74th Amendments
B
83rd and 84th Amendments
C
72nd and 73rd Amendments
D
74th and 75th Amendments and Oridinary Law (SSC Combined Matric Level
The constitution`s 73rd & 74th amendments were passed by parliament in December 1992. The 73rd amendment added Part IX (The Panchayats) and the 74th amendment added part IXA (The Municipalities) in the constitution. It provides the statutory reservations of 1/3rd seats in the Municipal boars & Village Panchayats for Women, which provides the opportunity of formal involvement of women in development through political processes.
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177. 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1985 deals with
The 52nd Constitutional Amendment of 1985 amended articles 101, 102, 190 and 191; and inserted Schedule 10 to the Constitution of India. It dealt with the Anti Defection Law and provided disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other.
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178. The two words that were inserted by the 42nd Amendment to the Preamble of the Constitution are
The Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India, enacted in 1976, declared India to be a socialist and secular republic, and as securing fraternity assuring the unity "and integrity" of the Nation, by adding these words to the Preamble of the Constitution of India.
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179. India has been described under Article-1 of the Constitution as a
Article 1 of the Constitution declares that India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States; the sates and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First Schedule; and the territory of India shall comprise the territories of the States, the Union territories specified in the First Schedule; and such other territories as may be acquired.
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180. According to Article 75 (3) of the Constitution of India the Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the
The 10th Schedule to the Indian Constitution, that is popularly referred to as the `Anti-Defection Law` was inserted by the 52nd Amendment to the Constitution in 1985. It has provisions for Members of Parliament and Members of the State Legislatures.
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182. Under the writ of Habeas Corpus, the Court intervenes and asks the authority to provide the reasons for such detention. All proceedings under Article 226 are either civil or criminal. When a person asks for a writ of Habeas Corpus, that is a criminal proceeding. But when a person asks for any other writ than the Habeas Corpus, the proceedings are necessarily civil proceedings.
Under the writ of Habeas Corpus, the Court intervenes and asks the authority to provide the reasons for such detention. All proceedings under Article 226 are either civil or criminal. When a person asks for a writ of Habeas Corpus, that is a criminal proceeding. But when a person asks for any other writ than the Habeas Corpus, the proceedings are necessarily civil proceedings.
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183. Articles 74 and 75 of Indian Constitution deal with matters of
Article 74 of the Constitution of the Republic of India provides for a Council of Ministers which shall aid the President in the exercise of his functions. Article 75 states that the Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the House of the People.
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184. The seventy third Amendment Act, 1992 of the Indian Constitution was passed to
The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992 accorded the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) a constitutional status. The main features of the 73rd Amendment Act are the following: Constitution of a three tier structure of Panchayats in every state (at village, intermediate and district levels) having a population of twenty lakhs; Fixed tenure for Panchayat bodies (Article 243E); etc.
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185. Under which Article of the Constitution is the President’s Rule introduced in a State due to the failure of the constitutional machinery ?
Under article 356 of the Indian Constitution, State emergency is declared on failure of constitutional machinery in a state. During such an emergency, the President can take over the entire work of the executive, and the Governor administers the state in the name of the President. the Legislative Assembly can be dissolved or may remain in suspended animation. The Parliament makes laws on the 66 subjects of the state list
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186. Article 370 of the Indian Constitution upholds
Article 370 of the Indian constitution grants special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir. Similar protections for unique status exist in tribal areas of India including those in Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Nagaland however it is only for the state of Jammu and Kashmir that the accession of the state to India is still a matter of dispute between India and Pakistan still on the agenda of the UN Security Council.
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187. Article 17 of the Indian Constitution provides for
A
equality before law
B
equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability. Practice of untouchability is an offense and anyone doing so is punishable by law.
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188. How many languages are contained in the VIIIth schedule of the Indian Constitution ?
The Eighth Schedule to the Indian Constitution contains a list of 22 scheduled languages. At the time the constitution was enacted, inclusion in this list meant that the language was entitled to representation on the Official Languages Commission, and that the language would be one of the bases that would be drawn upon to enrich Hindi, the official language of the Union. Via the 92nd Constitutional amendment 2003, 4 new languages – Bodo, Maithili, Dogri, and Santhali – were added to the 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution.
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189. The articles 17 and 18 of constitution provide
In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of article 370 of the Constitution, the President, with the concurrence of the Government of the State of Jammu and Kashmir made the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 which came into force on 14/5/1954. This article specifies that except for Defence, Foreign Affairs, Finance and Communications,(matters specified in the instrument of accession) the Indian Parliament needs the State Government’s concurrence for applying all other laws. Thus the state’s residents lived under a separate set of laws, including those related to citizenship, ownership of property, and fundamental rights, as compared to other Indians.
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190. Under which article of Constitution does Jammu and Kashmir enjoys special constitutional position ?
In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of article 370 of the Constitution, the President, with the concurrence of the Government of the State of Jammu and Kashmir made the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 which came into force on 14/5/1954. This article specifies that except for Defence, Foreign Affairs, Finance and Communications,(matters specified in the instrument of accession) the Indian Parliament needs the State Government’s concurrence for applying all other laws. Thus the state’s residents lived under a separate set of laws, including those related to citizenship, ownership of property, and fundamental rights, as compared to other Indians.
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191. How many schedules does the Constitution of India contain ?
Schedules are lists in the Constitution that categorize and tabulate bureaucratic activity and policy of the Government. First Schedule (Articles 1 and 4)- This lists the states and territories of India, lists any changes to their borders and the laws used to make that change. Twelfth Schedule (Article 243-W)— Municipalities (urban local government).
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192. Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the institution of Panchayati Raj ?
During the drafting of the Constitution of India, Panchayati Raj Institutions were placed in the nonjusticiable part of the Constitution, the Directive Principles of State Policy, as Article 40.
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193. Which Article of the Constitution of India abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form ?
Article 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability. Practice of untouchability is an offense and anyone doing so is punishable by law. The Untouchability Offences Act of 1955 (renamed to Protection of Civil Rights Act in 1976) provided penalties for preventing a person from entering a place of worship or from taking water from a tank or well.
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194. Which Article of the Indian Constitution includes the Fundamental Duties of the Indian citizens?
Article 51A became a part of the Indian Constitution on December 18, 1976 by virtue of the Constitutional (Forty Second) Amendment Act 1976. The new Part IVA was titled as Fundamental Duties.
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195. Of the various grounds below, which is the one criterion on which discrimination by the State is not prohibited in Article 15 of the Constitution ?
Article 15 is about prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. It states that no citizen shall, on ground only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to: access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment; or the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained whole or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of general public.
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196. Article 19 of the Indian Constitution provides :
The right to freedom in Article 19 guarantees the following six freedoms: Freedom of speech and expression, which enable an individual to participate in public activities; Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms; Freedom to form associations or unions; Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India; Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India and freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
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197. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees Indian citizens :
A
Equal protection of laws
B
Equality before law
C
Equal distribution of economic resources
D
Equality before law and equal protection of the laws
Article 14 of the constitution guarantees that all citizens shall be equally protected by the laws of the country. It means that the State cannot discriminate any of the Indian citizens on the basis of their caste, creed, colour, sex, gender, religion or place of birth.
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198. Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions` ?
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
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199. What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span ?
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists
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200. What Constitutional provision enables the Central Government to provide reservations in jobs and educational institutions for the weaker sections of the society ?
Article 16 of the Constitution of India is a bundle of contradictions, as on the one hand it deals with equality of opportunity in matters of public employment, and, on the other, it enables the government to provide for reservation in public employment. Article 16 provides that there shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in the matters of employment or appointment to any office under the State. This Article also provides that no citizen shall be ineligible for any office or employment under the State on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth or any of them.
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201. During emergency, imposed under Art. 352, which of the following Constitutional provisions stands suspended ?
National emergency under article 352 of the Indian Constitution is caused by war, external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory. In such an emergency, Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens can be suspended. The six freedoms under Right to Freedom are automatically suspended. However, the Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended according to the original Constitution. It modifies the federal system of government to a unitary one.
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202. Article-32 of the Indian constitution relates to :
The sole object of the Article 32 of the Constitution of India is the enforcement of the fundamental rights guaranteed under Part III of the Constitution of India. By including Article 32 in the Fundamental Rights, the Supreme Court has been made the protector and guarantor of these Rights.
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203. Which Article of the Indian constitution provides for the employer to give maternity benefits to its employees ?
Article 42 of the Indian Constitution has provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. It comes under the Directive Principles of State Policy.
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204. Constitution of India considers free and compulsory education to children up to–
The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21 A in the Constitution of India to provide free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right in such a manner as the State may, by law, determine. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, which represents the consequential legislation envisaged under Article 21 A, means that every child has a right to full time elementary education of satisfactory and equitable quality in a formal school which satisfies certain essential norms and standards.
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205. Under which Article of the Constitution can an Emergency be declared in India on account of war or external aggression ?
National emergency is caused by war, external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 (Indo-China war), 1971 (Indo-Pakistan war), and 1975 (declared by Indira Gandhi to escape conviction). The President can declare such an emergency under Article 352 of the Constitution only on the basis of a written request by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Such a proclamation must be approved by the Parliament within one month. Such an emergency can be imposed for six months. It can be extended by six months by repeated parliamentary approval.
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206. Where is the objective of “social justice” articulated in the Constitution of India ?
In concept social justice is very well articulated in the Constitution of India (1950). The Preamble of our Constitution use the term social justice - social, economic and political, the equality of status and opportunity is provided by the Constitution makers for futuristic development of the country.
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207. Article 243 of the Constitution of India inserted by a Constitutional Amendment deals with which of the following ?
A
Extending the benefits of Reservation on the basis of Mandal Commission Recommendation
B
Land Reforms
C
To include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali in the list of official languages
Article 243 of the Indian Constitution deals with panchayati raj. It defines what a district, or gram sabha, or panchayat, means. It states that “Panchayat” means an institution (by whatever name called) of self government constituted under Article 243B, for the rural areas”.
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208. From the following languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution pick out the one which is the official language of a State :
The Kashmiri language is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India, and is a part of the Sixth Schedule in the constitution of the Jammu and Kashmir. Along with other regional languages mentioned in the Sixth Schedule, as well as Hindi and Urdu, the Kashmiri language is to be developed in the state. Some Kashmiri speakers frequently use Hindi as a second language, though the most frequently used second language is Urdu. Since November 2008, the Kashmiri language has been made a compulsory subject in all schools in the Valley up to the secondary level.
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209. The following article of the Indian Constitution abolished the practice of untouchability.
Article 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability. Practice of untouchability is an offense and anyone doing so is punishable by law. The Untouchability Offences Act of 1955 (renamed to Protection of Civil Rights Act in 1976) provided penalties for preventing a person from entering a place of worship or from taking water from a tank or well.
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210. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution was for the first time amended by the
The preamble to the Constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the document. As originally enacted the preamble described the state as a “sovereign democratic republic”. In 1976 the Forty-second Amendment changed this to read “sovereign socialist secular democratic republic”.
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211. A law can be enacted, or executive order issued, even contrary to Article 19, during proclamation of emergency
Article 358 protects both legislative and executive action taken after the proclamation of emergency. National emergency is caused by war, external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 (Indo-China war), 1971 (Indo-Pakistan war), and 1975 (declared by Indira Gandhi to escape conviction). In such an emergency, Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens can be suspended. The six freedoms under Right to Freedom are automatically suspended. However, the Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended according to the original Constitution. It modifies the federal system of government to a unitary one.
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212. Who said, “A good citizen makes a good State and a bad citizen makes a bad State” ?
The state is a human institution. The population is, therefore, an essential element of the state. However, the population can constitute a state only when it is united by the conditions of interdependence, conscious-ness of common interest and general regard for a set of common rules of behaviour and institutions. In addition to the size of the population the quality of the population inhabiting the state is also equally important. Aristotle maintained that a good citizen makes a good state and a bad citizen makes a bad state.
Despotism is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power. That entity may be an individual, as in an autocracy, or it may be a group. In its classical form, despotism is a state in which a single individual (the despot) wields all the power and authority embodying the state, and everyone else is a subsidiary person. This form of despotism was common in the first forms of statehood and civilization; the Pharaoh of Egypt is exemplary of the classical despot. Colloquially, despot has been applied pejoratively to a person, particularly a head of state or government, who abuses their power and authority to oppress their people, subjects or subordinates. In this sense, it is similar to the pejorative connotations that have likewise arisen with the term tyrant
The British architect Edwin Landseer Lutyens, a major member of the city-planning process, was given the primary architectural responsibility of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The palace developed very similarly to the original sketches which Lutyens sent Herbert Baker from Shimla on June 14, 1912. Lutyens’ design is grandly classical overall, with colours and details inspired by Indian architecture.
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215. Which of the following countries enjoys a federal form of government ?
Based on a broad definition of a basic federal political system, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and govern through common institutions with overlapping or shared powers as prescribed by a constitution. An example of a federal state is the United States; under the United States Constitution, power is shared between the federal government of the United States and the U.S. states.
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216. Which one of the following is described as the Fourth Estate?
The Fourth Estate (or fourth estate) is a societal or political force or institution whose influence is not consistently or officially recognized. “Fourth Estate” most commonly refers to the news media; especially print journalism or “The Press”. Thomas Carlyle attributed the origin of the term to Edmund Burke, who used it in a parliamentary debate in 1787 on the opening up of Press reporting of the House of Commons of Great Britain.
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217. What is the colour of the “Dharma Chakra” in the middle of our national flag ?
The most visible use of the Ashoka Chakra today is at the centre of the National flag of the Republic of India (adopted on 22 July 1947), where it is rendered in a Navy-blue colour on a White background, by replacing the symbol of Charkha (Spinning wheel) of the pre-independence versions of the flag.
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218. How many spokes are there in the Ashoka Chakra depicted on the National Flag of India ?
The Ashoka Chakra is a depiction of the Buddhist Dharma chakra, represented with 24 spokes. It is so called because it appears on a number of edicts of Ashoka, most prominent among which is the Lion Capital of Sarnath. The 12 out of 24 spokes represent the twelve casual links taught by The Buddha. These 12 in reverse represent a total 24 spokes representing the Life-The Dhamma (Pali).
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219. What is the motto inscribed under our national emblem ?
Satyameva Jayate is a mantra from the ancient Indian scripture Mundaka Upanishad. Upon independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India. The motto of the Czech Republic and its predecessor Czechoslovakia, “Pravda vitezi” (“Truth Prevails”) has a similar meaning.
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220. Which of the following is the biggest head of non-plan expenditure of Government of India ?
The central government expenditure itself is divided into two parts –plan expenditure and non-plan expenditure. Non Plan Expenditure is money that’s spent on sustaining the country like defense, postal deficit, subsidies etc. and Plan Expenditure is the money that is spent on improving the country like the money spent on dams, roads etc. Interest Payments and Debt Servicing comprise more than 30 per cent of this expenditure.
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221. From which historical work were the words “Satyameva Jayate” appearing under the national emblem taken ?
Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone Triumphs) is a mantra from the ancient Indian scripture Mundaka Upanishad. Upon independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India. It is inscribed in Devanagari script at the base of the national emblem. The emblem and words ‘Satyameva Jayate’ are inscribed on one side of all Indian currency. The emblem is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Asoka which was erected around 250 BC at Sarnath, near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
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222. Plural Theory of Sovereignty emphasizes the importance of
The pluralist theory of sovereignty is a reaction to monistic or legal theory of sovereignty. To monistic theory state is supreme association and all other associations are the creation of state and their existence depends on the will of the sovereign power. The pluralist theory rejects this and tries to establish that there is no single source of authority that is all competent and comprehensive. Pluralists believe that state enjoys a privileged position because of its wider jurisdiction, which covers all the individuals and associations within its boundary. The pluralist also rejects the distinction between state and government. An exponent of pluralist theory Robert M.Maclver propounds that state is one of the several human associations, although it exercises unique functions. Important feature of the state is supremacy of law.
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223. The first woman film star nominated to the Rajya Sabha was:
Nargis Dutt, born Fatima Rashid but known by her screen name, Nargis, was an Indian film actress. In early 1970s, she became the first patron of Spastics Society of India, and her subsequent work with the organisation brought her recognition as a social worker, and later a Rajya Sabha nomination in 1980.
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224. The concept of political sovereignty was advocated by
In Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s (1712–1778) definition of popular sovereignty, he considers the people to be the legitimate sovereign. He condemned the distinction between the origin and the exercise of sovereignty, a distinction upon which constitutional monarchy or representative democracy is founded.
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225. The minimum number of workers who can form a Trade Union and get it registered under Trade Union Act ?
As per the Trade Unions (Amendment) Act, 2001, no trade union of workmen shall be registered unless at least 10% or 100, whichever is less, subject to a minimum of 7 workmen engaged or employed in the establishment or industry with which it is connected are the members of such trade union on the date of making of application for registration. It also states that a registered trade union of workmen shall at all times continue to have not less than 10% or 100 of the workmen, whichever is less, subject to a minimum of 7 persons engaged or employed in the establishment or industry with which it is connected, as its members. So the minimum member required to start a trade union is 7, the only condition is they must have same problem in common.
The Fabian Society is a British socialist organization whose purpose is to advance the principles of democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist, rather than revolutionary, means. It is best known for its initial ground-breaking work beginning late in the 19th century and continuing up to World War I. The society laid many of the foundations of the Labour Party and subsequently affected the policies of states emerging from the decolonization of the British Empire, especially India
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227. Governance through trade union organizations is known as :
Syndicalism is a type of economic system proposed as a replacement for capitalism and an alternative to state socialism, which uses Confederations of collectivized trade unions or industrial unions. It is a form of socialist economic corporatism that advocates interest aggregation of multiple non-competitive categorised units to negotiate and manage an economy. For adherents, labour unions are the potential means of both overcoming economic aristocracy and running society fairly in the interest of the majority, through union democracy. Industry in a syndicalist system would be run through cooperative confederations and mutual aid.
The Constitution of India was framed by Constituent Assembly that was formed on 9 December 1946. It was formed following negotiations between Indian leaders and members of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India. The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950.
The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950. It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November, 1949.Republic Day honours the date on which the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950 replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India
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230. Which type of democracy do we follow in India?
India follows representative democracy that is also known as indirect democracy. It is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy. Simply put, a representative democracy is a system of government in which all eligible citizens vote on representatives to pass laws for them.
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231. The Constitution __________.
A
is silent on the President`s re-election to the office.
B
allows re-election of a person to the President`s post
C
restricts a person to remain President for only two terms.
D
has been amended to allow a person only one term as President.
According to Article 57 of the Constitution, a President is eligible for re-election to that office. The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office.
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232. In which year the constituent assembly of India started functioning?
On 29 August, 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India. The Constituent assembly adopted the constitution on 26 November 1949 once the process of drafting was completed.
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233. What is the minimum age required to become Vice President?
The Government of India Act 1935 provided for dyarchy at the Centre. Under this act, the executive authority of the centre was vested in the Governor. It ended the system of dyarchy at the provincial level introduced by Government of India Act 1919.
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235. Which High Court has Maximum number of Judges?
The Government of India The Government of India Act 1858, known as the Act for the Good Government of India, provided for liquidation of East India Company, and transferred the powers of government, territories and revenues to the British Crown. The Company`s territories in India were vested in the Queen, the Company ceasing to exercise its power and control over these territories. India was to be governed in the Queen`s name. Act 1858, known as the Act for the Good Government of India, provided for liquidation of East India Company, and transferred the powers of government, territories and revenues to the British Crown. The Company`s territories in India were vested in the Queen, the Company ceasing to exercise its power and control over these territories. India was to be governed in the Queen`s name.
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238. The fundamental duties were included in the Constitution with the idea of –
A
Giving more importance to the fundamental rights
B
Curbing subversive and unconstitutional activities
The framers of Indian Constitution adopted the feature of `written constitution` from USA. The Indian Constitution is the lengthiest written constitution in the world. The other features borrowed from the US Constitution include: an executive head of state known as President; provision of fundamental rights; independence of the judiciary; etc.
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241. Name of the country from which the constitutional features of procedures for amendment was borrowed by India.
The makers of Indian constitution borrowed the feature of amendment procedures from South Africa. The procedure of amendment in the constitution is laid down in Part XX (Article 368) of the Constitution of India. Besides, the provision of indirect election of members of the Rajya Sabha was also borrowed from the South African constitution.
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242. Who among the following proposed the suggestion for a Constituent Assembly first in 1935?
The idea of Constituent assembly of India was first put forward by Manabendra Nath Roy or MN Roy in 1934. In 1935, it became the official demand of Indian National Congress. It was accepted in August 1940 in the August Offer; however, it was constituted under the Cabinet Mission plan of 1946. The constituent assembly drafted the constitution of India.
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243. Which among them take oath to uphold the constitution and the laws?
Popular sovereignty is the principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power. It is also known as sovereignty of the people.
Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a king or queen acts as Head of State. The Sovereign/Monarch governs according to the constitution - that is, according to rules, rather than according to his or her own free will. The ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament.
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246. When India got freedom in 1947, Which was the ruling Party in Britain?
An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control. Both totalitarianism and military dictatorship are often identified with, but need not be, an autocracy.
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248. Universal adult franchise shows that India is a country which is
India has a democratic set up with all citizens having equal rights. This could have been farther from truth if the concept of universal adult suffrage was not adopted. Article 326 of the Indian Constitution grants universal adult suffrage which is one of the defining features of a democratic set up.
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249. Who was the first woman chief justice of high court in India?
Leila Seth (20 October 1930 – 5 May 2017) was an Indian judge who served as the first woman judge on the Delhi High Court and became the first woman CJI.
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250. Who among the following was not a member of the Drafting Committee of Indian Constitution
The Drafting Committee consisted of 7 members: Dr B R Ambedkar (Chairman), N Gopalaswami Ayengar, Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar, Dr K M Munshi, S.M. Saadullah, N Madhava Rau (replaced B L Mitter) and T.T. Krishnamachari (replaced D P Khaitan). Dr. Rajendra Prasad headed the Rules of Procedure Committee and Steering Committee.
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251. Who generally does not vote in Loksabha because his vote is Decisive?
In the S.R. Bommai Case v. Union of India (1994), Justice Sawant and Kuldip Singh observed that federalism and secularism was an essential feature of our Constitution and were a part of basic structure. In this case, the Supreme Court discussed at length provisions of Article 356 of the Constitution of India.
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253. Who has became the first female judge to be a part of the Supreme court of India?
Fathima Beevi (born 30 April 1927) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Appointed to the apex Court in 1989, she became the first female judge to be a part of the Supreme court of India, and the first Muslim woman to be appointed to any of the higher judiciaries in country.
The concept of “equality before the law” has been borrowed from the British Common Law upon which English Legal System was founded. However, “equal protection of laws” has its link with the American Constitution.
Grassroots democracy is a tendency towards designing political processes involving the common people as constituting a fundamental political and economic group. It focuses on people or society at a local level rather than at the center of major political activity. Devolution and decentralization of power and Panchayati raj system are essential elements of such a system.
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257. Loksabha Speaker submits his resignation to whom?
A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state in which the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from, and is held accountable to, the legislature (parliament). The executive and legislative branches are thus interconnected.
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259. The method of amending the Constitution by popular veto is found in
Switzerland has made provisions for referendums or popular votes on laws and constitutional decrees or issues on which citizens are asked to approve or reject by a yes or a no. The Swiss Federal Constitution 1891 permits a certain number of citizens to make a request to amend a constitutional article, or even to introduce a new article into the constitution.
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260. The concept of “Rule of Law” is a special feature of constitutional system of
The Rule of Law is an aspect of the British Constitution that has been emphasised by A V Dicey and it, therefore, can be considered an important part of British Politics. It involves: the rights of individuals are determined by legal rules and not the arbitrary behaviour of authorities; there can be no punishment unless a court decides there has been a breach of law; and everyone, regardless of your position in society, is subject to the law.
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261. The Constitution of India, describes India as
Article 1 in the Constitution states that India that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. The territory of India shall consist of: The territories of the states, The Union territories and any territory that may be acquired.
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262. According to Constitution, Who has Executive Power of Union?
Executive power of the Union is vested in the President, and is exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the Constitution. Supreme command of defence forces of the Union also vests in him.
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263. When was the first Central Legislative Assembly constituted ?
The Central Legislative Assembly was a legislature for India created by the Government of India Act 1919 from the former Imperial Legislative Council, implementing the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms. It was formed in 1920.
A government is the system by which a state or community is governed. It is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. A form of Government refers to the set of political systems and institutions that make up the organisation of a specific government.
Newly elected Members of Parliament from the Lok Sabha elect the Speaker among themselves. The Speaker should be someone who understands Lok Sabha functions and it should be someone accepted among the ruling and opposition parties. MPs propose a name to the Pro tem speaker.
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266. Where do we find the ideals of Indian democracy in the Constitution ?
The Preamble to the Constitution of India is Declaration of Independence statement & a brief introductory that sets out the guiding principles & purpose of the document as well as Indian democracy. It describes the state as a “sovereign democratic republic”. The first part of the preamble “We, the people of India” and, its last part “give to ourselves this Constitution” clearly indicate the democratic spirit.
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267. Which is the most important system in Democracy ?
Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally in creation of laws and enables the free and equal practice of political self determination. So the political aspect can be considered to the most important.
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268. In Which VETO, President can send back the bill for re-thinking?
The state has four essential elements: population, territory, government and sovereignty. Absence of any of these elements denies to it the status of statehood.
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270. Who is custodian of the Indian Constitution ?
The Constitution has made the Supreme Court as the custodian and protector of the Constitution. The Supreme Court decides disputes between the Centre and the Units as well as protects the Fundamental Rights of the citizens of India.
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271. Which of the following Judiciary has the power to issue Writ in Fundamental rights & Legal rights both?
Supreme court can issue writ only in case of Fundamental rights while as High court can issue writ in both Fundamental and Legal Rights. It seems strange but Article 226 gives this power to High Court only and not to Supreme Court.
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272. Who described the Government of India Act, 1935 as a new charter of bondage ?
At the Faizpur Session of the Congress in December 1936, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, in his Presidential Address, referred to the Government of India Act 1935 as “The new Charter of Bondage” which was being imposed upon them despite complete rejection. He said that the Congress was going to the Legislatures to combat the Act and seek to end.
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273. The Government of India Act, 1935 was based on :
The provincial part of the Government of India Act, 1935 basically followed the recommendations of the Simon Commission. Simon Commission had proposed almost fully responsible government in the provinces. Under the 1935 Act, provincial dyarchy was abolished; i.e. all provincial portfolios were to be placed in charge of ministers enjoying the support of the provincial legislatures.
At its core, sovereignty is typically taken to mean the possession of absolute authority within a bounded territorial space. There is essentially an internal and external dimension of sovereignty. Internally, a sovereign government is a fixed authority with a settled population that possesses a monopoly on the use of force. It is the supreme authority within its territory. Externally, sovereignty is the entry ticket into the society of states.
Part-xx Article 368 (1) of the Constitution of India grants constituent power to make formal amendments and empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution by way of addition, variation or repeal of any provision according to the procedure laid down therein, which is different from the procedure for ordinary legislation.
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279. In which year Panchayati Raj System inaugurated?
Th e system later came to be known as Panchayati Raj, which was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on 2 October 1959 at Nagour in Rajasthan.
On the basis of relationship between the centre and the units, the governments may be classified as unitary and federal. In a unitary government, all the powers of government are vested in the central government whereas in a federal government, the powers of government are divided between the centre and the units.
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282. Which of the following is not a feature of Indian Constitution ?
The Constitution of India borrowed the following features from Australia: concurrent list; language of the preamble; and provisions regarding trade, commerce and intercourse.
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285. Who is considered the Architect of the Indian Constitution ?
B. R. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Indian Consti-tution. Granville Austin has described the Indian Constitution drafted by Ambedkar as first and foremost a social document.
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286. The concept of Sovereign Parliament originated in :
The concept of Parliamentary sovereignty holds that the legislative body may change or repeal any previous legislation, and so that it is not bound by written law (in some cases, even a constitution) or by precedent. It is a principle of the UK constitution. It makes Parliament the supreme legal authority in the UK, which can create or end any law. Generally, the courts cannot overrule its legislation and no Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change.
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287. Which one of the following is not an element of the State ?
The state has four essential elements. These are: (1) population, (2) territory (land), (3) government, (4) sovereignty (or independence). The first two elements constitute the physical or material basis of the state while the last two form its political and spiritual basis. In modern times relations among nations have grown and many international organizations and institutions have come into being. Therefore some scholars have argued that international recognition be an essential element of state.
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288. The Unitary System of Government possesses which of the following advantages ?
A unitary system of government, or unitary state, is a sovereign state governed as a single entity. The central government is supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. Lower-level governments, if they exist at all, do nothing but implement the policies of the national government.
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289. January 26 selected as the date for the inauguration of the Constitution, because
A
it was considered to be an auspicious day
B
on that day the Quit India Movement was started in 1942
C
the Congress had observed it as the Independence Day in 1930
The Indian constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on the 26th November, 1949 and it came into force after two months on 26th January, 1950. The day January 26 was chosen because it was this very day when the Poorna Swaraj resolution was made in Lahore in 1930 and the first tricolor of India unfurled.
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290. What is meant when the Constitution declares India a “Secular State” ?
A
Religious worship is not allowed
B
Religions are patronised by the State
C
The state regards religions as a private affairs of the citizen and does not discriminate on this basis
Secularism is the principle of separation of government institutions, and the persons mandated to represent the State, from religious institutions and religious dignitaries. India is a secular country as per the declaration in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution. It prohibits discrimination against members of a particular religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Every person has the right to preach, practice and propagate any religion they choose. The government must not favour or discriminate against any religion. It must treat all religions with equal respect. All citizens, irrespective of their religious beliefs are equal in front of law.
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291. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly ?
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the President of Constituent Assembly on 11 December, 1946. On January 26, 1950, the Constitution of independent India was ratified.
Legal sovereignty represents the lawyer`s conception of sovereignty. It is associated with the supreme law-making authority in the state. The body which has the power to issue final commands in the form of laws is the legal sovereign in a state. This power may be vested in one person or a body of persons. It may be a king or dictator or parliament. Legal sovereignty is organized and re-organized by constitutional law.
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294. Direct Democracy is a system of Government in which
A
People does not choose the Civil Servants
B
People directly elect their representatives
C
People take part directly in the policy making and administration of the country.
D
Government officials consult people on various appointments
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly. This differs from the majority of currently established democracies, which are representative democracies.
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295. Cabinet system and Collective responsibility are the contributions of
Cabinet system and its collective responsibility is constitutional convention in governments using the Westminster System that members of the Cabinet must publicly support all govern-mental decisions made in Cabinet, even if they do not privately agree with them. This support includes voting for the government in the legislature. In the United Kingdom, the doctrine applies to all members of the government, from members of the cabinet down to Parliamentary Private Secretaries.
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296. The two basic principles of the liberal theory of democracy as emphasized by John Locke, are
A
Universal Adult Franchise and the Right to Property
John Locke`s "Two Treatises on Government" of 1689 established two fundamental liberal ideas: economic liberty (meaning the right to have and use property) and intellectual liberty (including freedom of conscience). According to Locke, the individual was naturally free and only became a political subject out of free choice. Without the consent of the people there could not be formed a civil society/ community. Secondly, Locke emphasized that all men were equal. There was a perfect state of equality with all the power being reciprocal and no one having more than the other. This is a fundamental principle of present day democracy. From it, flows the democratic principle of universal participation. That no man shall be excluded from the political process.
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297. The Constituent Assembly of India was set up under the
The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. The Constituent Assembly was set up while India was still under British rule, following negotiations between Indian leaders and members of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India from the United Kingdom.
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298. “Persons may change but rules should not change” is the principle of
Constitutional government is defined by the existence of a constitution—which may be a legal instrument or merely a set of fixed norms or principles generally accepted as the fundamental law of the polity—that effectively controls the exercise of political power. Persons do not call the shots or frame rules in such governments. Everything that is to be governed is dictated by set of rules enshrined in the constitution.
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299. Who was the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of India?
Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first president (temporary chairman) of the Constituent Assembly when it met on December 9, 1946. Dr. Rajendra Prasad then became the President of the Constituent Assembly, and would later become the first President of India.
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300. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution was
On the 14 August, 1947 meeting of the Assembly, a proposal for forming various committees was presented. Such committees included a Committee on Fundamental Rights, the Union Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee. On 29 August, 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed, with Dr B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman along with six other members assisted by a constitutional advisor.
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301. The provisional President of the Constituent Assembly was
Dr. Sachidanand Sinha was the first president of the Constituent Assembly. Later, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected president of the Constituent Assembly while B.R. Ambedkar was appointed the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
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302. The concept of Constitution first originated in
England is treated as the place where the constitutional concept germinated, though the ancient Greek and Roman Republics, too, had such a facility. In England, Henry I`s proclamation of the Charter of Liberties in 1100 bound the king for the first time in his treatment of the clergy and the nobility. This idea was extended and refined by the English barony when they forced King John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. The most important single article of the Magna Carta, related to "habeas corpus", provided that the king was not permitted to imprison, outlaw, exile or kill anyone at a whim—there must be due process of law first.
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303. The Constitution of India describes the country as a
Part I of the Constitution of India describes the nation that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. It also mentions that the states and the territories shall be specified in the First Schedule.
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304. Who was the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly ?
The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. Following India’s independence from Great Britain, its members served as the nation’s first Parliament. Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha was the first president (temporary chairman) of the Constituent Assembly when it met on December 9, 1946. Dr. Rajendra Prasad then became the President of the Constituent Assembly, and would later become the first President of India.
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305. The method of Impeachment of the President of India is adopted from
The Indian Constitution has borrowed some features from the U.S Constitution. Those features are: fundamental rights, independence of judiciary, The Indian Constitution has borrowed some features from the U.S Constitution. Those features are: fundamental rights, independence of judiciary.
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306. Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly?
The first temporary 2-day president of the Constituent Assembly was Dr Sachidanand Sinha. Later, Rajendra Prasad was elected president of the Constituent Assembly.
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307. The Drafting of the Constitution was completed on :
A Draft Constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947. Draft constitution was debated and over 2000 amendments were moved over a period of two years. Finally on 26 November, 1949, the process was completed and Constituent assembly adopted the constitution. 284 members signed the document and the process of constitution making was complete.
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308. In India, the concept of single citizenship is adopted from
The Indian Constitution borrowed such features as parliamentary form of government, introduction of Speaker and his role, the concept of single citizenship, the Rule of law, procedure of lawmaking, etc from England. The Indian citizenship and nationality law and the Constitution of India provide single citizenship for all of India.
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309. Which was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the ‘heart and soul’ of the Constitution ?
Dr. B R Ambedkar, the chairman of the Drafting committee, called the fundamental right to constitutional remedies as the heart and soul of the Indian constitution. Right to constitutional remedies empowers the citizens to move a court of law in case of any denial of the fundamental rights. The courts can issue various kinds of writs. These writs are habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari.
Parliamentary democracy is a representative democracy where government is appointed by representatives as opposed to a ‘presidential rule’ wherein the President is both head of state and the head of government and is elected by the voters. Under a parliamentary democracy, government is exercised by delegation to an executive ministry and subject to ongoing review, checks and balances by the legislative parliament elected by the people. Presidential Democracy is a system where the public elects the president through free and fair elections. The president serves as both the head of state and head of government controlling most of the executive powers. The president serves for a specific term and cannot exceed that amount of time.
Greater India was the historical extent of the culture of India beyond the Indian subcontinent. This particularly concerns the spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia, introduced by the Indianized kingdoms of the 5th to 15th centuries, but may also refer to the spread of Buddhism from India to Central Asia and China by the Silk Road during the early centuries of the Common Era. To the west, Greater India overlaps with Greater Persia in the Hindu Kush and Pamir mountains. The term is tied to the geographic uncertainties surrounding the “Indies” during the Age of Exploration.
The English word “caste” derives from the Spanish and Portuguese casta, which the Oxford English Dictionary quotes John Minsheu’s Spanish dictionary (1599) to mean, “race, lineage, or breed.” When the Spanish colonized the New World, they used the word to mean a “clan or lineage.” However, it was the Portuguese who employed casta in the primary modern sense when they applied it to the many inmarrying hereditary Hindu social groups they encountered upon their arrival in India in 1498. The use of the spelling “caste,” with this latter meaning, is first attested to in English in 1613.
India is governed in terms of the Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950.
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314. Written in highly Sanskritised (Tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on .
Written in highly Sanskritised (Tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December, 1911.
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315. A federal structure for India was first put forward by the
The Government of India Act 1935 provided for the establishment of a “Federation of India”, to be made up of both British India and some or all of the “princely states”. The parts of the Act intended to establish the Federation of India never came into operation, due to opposition from rulers of the princely states. It also provided for the establishment of a Federal Court.
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316. How many Articles are there in the Indian Constitution ?
It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, containing 448 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules and 100 amendments. Although the last article of the Constitution is Article 395, the total number, as of March 2012 is 448. New articles added through amendments have been inserted in the relevant location in the original constitution. In order not to disturb the original numbering, the new articles are inserted with alphanumberic enumerations. For example, Article 21A pertaining to Right to Education was inserted by the 86th Amendment Act.
Indian Penal Code is the main criminal code of India. It is a comprehensive code, intended to cover all substantive aspects of criminal law. It was drafted in 1860 and came into force in colonial India during the British Raj in 1862. It has since been amended several times and is now supplemented by other criminal provisions.
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318. The convention that “once a speaker always a speaker” is followed in
The British Speaker is elected at the beginning of the Parliament by and from among the members of the House of Commons. If the Speaker of outgoing Parliament is still a member of the house and is willing to be re-elected, he can do so. usually, he is reelected as many times as he wants. A change of party does not make any difference. He is elected unanimously by the house. So in Great Britain there goes a saying, “Once a speaker always a speaker.”
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319. Who among the following was the President of the Constituent Assembly of India ?
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the President of Constituent Assembly on 11 December, 1946. On January 26, 1950, the Constitution of independent India was ratified and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the nation’s first President. He served as the President of constituent assembly.
According to the Constitution of India, the role of the Supreme Court is that of a federal court and guardian of the Constitution. The Federal Court of India was a judicial body, established in India in 1937 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. It functioned until 1950, when the Supreme Court of India was established.
The Constitution was enacted/adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the Purna Swaraj declaration of independence of 1930. With its adoption, the Union of India officially became the modern and contemporary Republic of India and it replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country’s fundamental governing document.
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323. Which of the following countries have an Unwritten Constitution?
An uncodified or unwritten constitution is a type of constitution where the fundamental rules of government take the form of customs, usage, precedent and a variety of statutes and legal instruments. Current example of such a constitution is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland where there is no defining document that can be termed “the constitution”. Because the political system evolved over time, rather than being changed suddenly in an event such as a revolution, it is continuously being defined by acts of Parliament and decisions of the Law Courts.
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324. Who was the President of the Republic of India who consistently described Indian Secularism as Sarva Dharma Samabhav?
The slogan “Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava” was coined by Mahatma Gandhi in pursuit of his dream of HinduMuslim unity. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was the President of the Republic of India who consistently described Indian Secularism as Sarva Dharma Samabhav.
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325. Which of the following countries has introduced “direct democracy”?
Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly, as opposed to a representative democracy in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives. Many countries that are representative democracies allow for three forms of political action that provide limited direct democracy: referendum (plebiscite), initiative, and recall. Referendums can include the ability to hold a binding vote on whether a given law should be rejected. This effectively grants the populace which holds suffrage a veto on a law adopted by the elected legislature (one nation to use this system is Switzerland).
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326. Who was the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly of India ?
Benegal Narsing Rau was an Indian bureaucrat, jurist, diplomat and statesman known for his key role in drafting the Constitution of India. He was also India’s representative to the United Nations Security Council from 1950 to 1952. B.N. Rau was appointed as the Constitutional Adviser to the Constituent Assembly in formulating the Indian Constitution. He was responsible for the general structure of the its democratic framework of the Constitution and prepared its original draft. The President of the Constituent Assembly Dr. Rajendra Prasad, before signing the Constitution on 26 November, 1949, thanked Rau for having ‘worked honorarily all the time that he was here, assisting the assembly not only with his knowledge and erudition but also enabled the other members to perform their duties with thoroughness and intelligence by supplying them with the material on which they could work.
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327. India is a republic because_____
A
it is democratic country
B
It is a parliamentary democracy
C
the head of the state is elected for a definite period
India is a republic because India elects its supreme head. It is called a republic because of the applicable definition of a republic: a form of government in which representatives are entitled to act on behalf of the people whom they represent.
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328. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution ?
On 29 August, 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed, with Dr B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman along with six other members assisted by a constitutional advisor. These members were Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (K M Munshi, Ex- Home Minister, Bombay), Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer (ExAdvocate General, Madras State), N Gopalaswami Ayengar (Ex-Prime Minister, J&K and later member of Nehru Cabinet), B L Mitter (Ex-Advocate General, India), Md. Saadullah (Ex- Chief Minister of Assam, Muslim League member) and D P Khaitan (Scion of Khaitan Business family and a renowned lawyer). The constitutional advisor was Sir Benegal Narsing Rau (who became First Indian Judge in International Court of Justice, 1950–54).
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329. Who among the following was not a member of the Constituent Assembly established in July 1946 ?
The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India. Some of its prominent members were Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Acharya J.B. Kriplani, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Smt. Sarojini Naidu, Shri Hare-Krushna Mahatab, Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Shri Sarat Chandra Bose, Shri C. Rajagopalachari and Shri M. Asaf Ali.
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330. From the Constitution of which country the provision of Federation was borrowed while framing the Constitution of India ?
Though the basic features of Indian Constitution are based on the Government of India Act, 1935, it has many features which were borrowed from many foreign constitutions. It was from the Canadian Constitution that India borrowed a quasi-federal form of government (a federal system with a strong central government) and the idea of Residual Powers.